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Updated: Jun 8, 2026
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A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
Published on: December 8, 2014
Exploring differences in computerized neurocognitive concussion testing between African American and White athletes.
Anthony P Kontos1, Robert J Elbin, Tracey Covassin
1UPMC Center for Sports Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. akontos@pitt.edu
Summary
African American and White athletes showed similar concussion recovery initially. However, African American athletes experienced greater cognitive decline post-concussion, particularly in processing speed.
Area of Science:
- Sports Medicine
- Neuroscience
- Psychology
Background:
- Concussion assessment in athletes requires culturally sensitive tools.
- Understanding racial/ethnic differences in neurocognitive recovery is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate racial/ethnic differences in concussion recovery between African American and White student-athletes.
- To compare pre- and post-concussion neurocognitive performance using ImPACT testing.
Main Methods:
- Prospective case-control study comparing 48 African American and 48 White athletes.
- Utilized Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment Cognitive Test (ImPACT) v2.0.
- Assessed neurocognitive function and symptoms at baseline, 2, and 7 days post-concussion.
Main Results:
- All athletes showed neurocognitive decline and increased symptoms post-concussion.
- No significant baseline or post-concussion differences between groups in memory or reaction time.
- African American athletes were more likely to have cognitive decline and showed slower processing speed at 7 days.
Conclusions:
- Baseline ImPACT testing appears culturally equivalent for both racial/ethnic groups.
- Post-concussion ImPACT results suggest poorer outcomes for African American athletes, warranting further investigation.
