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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
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Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

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Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

Differentiated thyroid cancer: an update.

Tracy S Wang1, Sanziana A Roman, Julie A Sosa

  • 1Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA. tswang@mcw.edu

Current Opinion in Oncology
|September 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone (rhTSH) aids radioactive iodine remnant ablation in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) with similar efficacy to hormone withdrawal, improving quality of life. Cost-effectiveness is debated but warrants consideration for low-risk DTC management.

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Establishment and Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) incidence is rising globally.
  • Management controversies persist, including prophylactic central neck dissection and recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone (rhTSH) use for radioactive iodine (¹³¹I) remnant ablation in low-risk DTC.
  • Central compartment neck dissection involves lymph node removal (prelaryngeal, pretracheal, paratracheal), with indications for prophylactic or therapeutic purposes and extent varying (unilateral/bilateral).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current controversies in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) management.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone (rhTSH) for radioactive iodine (¹³¹I) remnant ablation in low-risk DTC.
  • To assess the impact of rhTSH on patient quality of life.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on DTC management, focusing on central compartment neck dissection and rhTSH-assisted radioactive iodine remnant ablation.
  • Comparative analysis of ablation rates and clinical outcomes between rhTSH-assisted and thyroid hormone withdrawal methods.
  • Health economic analysis of rhTSH, including cost-effectiveness ratios.

Main Results:

  • rhTSH-assisted ablation demonstrated comparable efficacy to thyroid hormone withdrawal, with similar rates of successful remnant ablation (e.g., 95% vs. 96% stimulated thyroglobulin < 2 ng/ml in hypothyroid patients).
  • rhTSH use was associated with improved patient quality of life.
  • The cost-effectiveness of rhTSH in the US was estimated at $52,554/quality-adjusted-life-year, influenced by rhTSH cost and patient-specific factors.

Conclusions:

  • rhTSH is a viable option for radioactive iodine remnant ablation in low-risk DTC, offering similar efficacy and improved quality of life compared to thyroid hormone withdrawal.
  • While cost-effectiveness may exceed conventional thresholds, it depends on variable factors like rhTSH pricing and patient outcomes.
  • Further consideration of rhTSH is warranted in DTC management, balancing efficacy, quality of life, and economic factors.