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Related Concept Videos

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

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The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Facile and Efficient Preparation of Tri-component Fluorescent Glycopolymers via RAFT-controlled Polymerization
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'Green' reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization.

Mona Semsarilar1, Sébastien Perrier

  • 1Key Centre for Polymers & Colloids, School of Chemistry, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.

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Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization offers a green chemistry approach to synthesizing complex polymers. This review highlights RAFT

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Green Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization is a key method for creating intricate polymer structures.
  • Growing demand for sustainable chemical processes necessitates environmentally friendly approaches in polymer synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the green aspects of RAFT polymerization.
  • To highlight recent advancements in producing degradable polymers using RAFT.
  • To explore RAFT's role in modifying bio-based materials for enhanced applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of RAFT polymerization techniques and applications.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on green chemistry principles within RAFT.
  • Examination of research on degradable and renewable materials synthesized via RAFT.

Main Results:

  • RAFT polymerization exhibits several "green" characteristics.
  • Significant progress has been made in synthesizing degradable polymers through RAFT.
  • RAFT enables the functionalization of renewable and biodegradable materials, expanding their utility.

Conclusions:

  • RAFT polymerization aligns with green chemistry principles, offering sustainable polymer synthesis.
  • The process is crucial for developing advanced, functional polymeric materials.
  • RAFT is a vital tool for meeting societal needs for high-performance and eco-friendly materials.