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Related Concept Videos

Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Multimodal Volumetric Retinal Imaging by Oblique Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (oSLO) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
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Multimodal Volumetric Retinal Imaging by Oblique Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (oSLO) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

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Optoelectronic fuzzy inference system based on beam-scanning architecture.

H Itoh, S Mukai, H Yajima

    Applied Optics
    |September 24, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a novel fuzzy inference system using beam-scanning laser diodes. The proposed system demonstrates faster processing speeds and higher controllability compared to conventional methods.

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    Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

    Multimodal Volumetric Retinal Imaging by Oblique Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (oSLO) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
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    Published on: August 4, 2018

    Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station
    05:57

    Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

    Published on: April 1, 2020

    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Fuzzy Logic Systems
    • Computational Intelligence

    Background:

    • Fuzzy inference systems (FIS) are crucial for decision-making in complex systems.
    • Traditional FIS often face limitations in speed and controllability.
    • Laser diode technology offers potential for high-speed optical processing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and evaluate a novel fuzzy inference system implementation using beam-scanning laser diodes.
    • To investigate the feasibility of optical fuzzy inference.
    • To compare the performance of a PRODUCT-SUM-gravity method with the conventional min-max-gravity method.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of a fuzzy inference system utilizing beam-scanning laser diodes.
    • Configuration and experimental description of individual processing units.
    • Utilizing a PRODUCT-SUM-gravity inference method.
    • Employing Gaussian envelopes derived from laser diode far-field patterns for membership functions.
    • Leveraging optical features like beam scanning and center of gravity calculation for inference.

    Main Results:

    • Numerical simulations show the PRODUCT-SUM-gravity method offers superior controllability over the min-max-gravity method.
    • The optical fuzzy inference system achieves speeds exceeding tens of mega-FLIPS (fuzzy logical inference per second) per processing unit.
    • Feasibility of the optical approach for fuzzy inference is demonstrated.

    Conclusions:

    • Beam-scanning laser diodes provide a viable platform for implementing high-speed fuzzy inference systems.
    • The optical approach offers advantages in processing speed and controllability.
    • This technology holds promise for advanced computational intelligence applications.