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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Human Liver Spheroids from Peripheral Blood for Liver Disease Studies
Published on: January 27, 2023
TLRs in Hepatic Cellular Crosstalk
Amelie E Bigorgne1, Ian Nicholas Crispe
1Malaria Program, Seattle BioMed, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Abstract:
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are expressed on all major subsets of liver cells. Both exogenous ligands derived from pathogens, and endogenous ligands that are products of cellular injury, engage these receptors and activate aspects of innate immunity. These receptors play a role in viral and parasitic infections of the liver, in ischemia-reperfusion injury, and in toxic liver damage, promoting antipathogen immunity but also hepatocellular injury and fibrogenesis. However, TLRs may also participate in negative feedback that limits tissue injury. In the complex environment of the liver, TLRs participate in pathologic cascades involving multiple cell types, manifesting their effects both through cell-autonomous actions, and via cellular crosstalk. In this paper we survey the involvement of TLRs in these diverse processes.
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