Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Liver Regeneration

Liver Regeneration

The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are large...

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug binding...

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...

Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters

Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters

In the liver and bile canaliculi, influx and efflux transporters modification can influence intrinsic clearance. Transporters play a significant role in moving drugs within liver cells. Elaborate models, such as the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), are essential to relate transporters to drug disposition. This system categorizes drugs into four classes based on solubility and permeability, providing insights into elimination routes and the effects of transporters following oral...

Liver Physiology

Liver Physiology

The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of 70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can also...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Cytokines released by human tumors are independent from cancer histotype.

European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)·2026

Same author

Ulcerative Colitis Severity Classification and Localized Extent (UC-SCALE): An Artificial Intelligence Scoring System for a Spatial Assessment of Disease Severity in Ulcerative Colitis.

Journal of Crohn's & colitis·2024

Same author

Activation of AIM2 by hepatitis B virus results in antiviral immunity that suppresses hepatitis C virus during coinfection.

Journal of virology·2023

Same author

Neuropilin-1 cooperates with PD-1 in CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells predicting outcomes in melanoma patients treated with anti-PD1.

iScience·2022

Same author

In the Acute Phase of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> Infection, Liver Lymphoid and Myeloid Cells Display an Ambiguous Phenotype Combining Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Markers.

Frontiers in immunology·2022

Same author

Blockade of interleukin 10 potentiates antitumour immune function in human colorectal cancer liver metastases.

Gut·2022

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Human Liver Spheroids from Peripheral Blood for Liver Disease Studies

Human Liver Spheroids from Peripheral Blood for Liver Disease Studies

Published on: January 27, 2023

TLRs in Hepatic Cellular Crosstalk.

Amelie E Bigorgne¹, Ian Nicholas Crispe

¹Malaria Program, Seattle BioMed, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.

Gastroenterology Research and Practice

|September 24, 2010

Summary

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the liver activate innate immunity against pathogens but can also cause injury and fibrosis. These receptors play complex roles in various liver diseases, influencing both damage and repair mechanisms.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Hepatology
Cell Biology

Background:

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial components of the innate immune system.
These receptors are present on various liver cell types, including hepatocytes and immune cells.
TLRs recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).

Purpose of the Study:

To review the multifaceted roles of TLRs in liver physiology and pathology.
To explore TLR involvement in infectious, ischemic, and toxic liver conditions.
To understand how TLRs contribute to hepatocellular injury, fibrogenesis, and potentially tissue repair.

Main Methods:

Literature review and synthesis of existing research on TLRs in the liver.
Analysis of studies investigating TLR activation by exogenous and endogenous ligands.

More Related Videos

Induction of an Inflammatory Response in Primary Hepatocyte Cultures from Mice

Induction of an Inflammatory Response in Primary Hepatocyte Cultures from Mice

Published on: March 10, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Human Liver Spheroids from Peripheral Blood for Liver Disease Studies

Human Liver Spheroids from Peripheral Blood for Liver Disease Studies

Published on: January 27, 2023

Induction of an Inflammatory Response in Primary Hepatocyte Cultures from Mice

Induction of an Inflammatory Response in Primary Hepatocyte Cultures from Mice

Published on: March 10, 2017

Examination of the interplay between TLRs, different liver cell types, and immune responses.

Main Results:

TLRs mediate antipathogen immunity in the liver but can exacerbate injury and fibrosis.
They are implicated in viral/parasitic infections, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and toxic liver damage.
TLR signaling involves both cell-autonomous effects and complex cellular crosstalk within the liver.

Conclusions:

TLRs have a dual role in the liver, promoting defense while also contributing to pathology.
Understanding TLRs' complex functions is vital for developing therapeutic strategies for liver diseases.
Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms of TLR-mediated injury and repair in the liver.