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T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Spatial and Temporal Control of T Cell Activation Using a Photoactivatable Agonist

Spatial and Temporal Control of T Cell Activation Using a Photoactivatable Agonist

Published on: April 25, 2018

[How do T-cells become activated in joints?].

M Pierer¹, U Wagner

¹Medizinische Klinik II, Universität Leipzig, Deutschland. Matthias.Pierer@medizin.uni-leipzig.de

Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie

|September 24, 2010

Summary

Activated CD4+ T-cells in rheumatoid arthritis joints drive autoimmune responses and B-cell activation. Targeting autoantigen recognition by T-cells offers a promising therapeutic strategy for this condition.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Autoimmunity
Rheumatology

Context:

Activated CD4+ T-cells infiltrate joints in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
These T-cells contribute to the autoimmune pathogenesis and joint destruction.
T-cell help is crucial for B-cell activation and autoantibody production.

Purpose:

To highlight the critical role of T-cell recognition of autoantigens in rheumatoid arthritis.
To identify T-cell autoantigen recognition as a key therapeutic target.

Summary:

CD4+ T-cells are implicated in the autoimmune joint destruction characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis.
Beyond cytokine release, T-cells provide essential help for B-cell activation.
The specific recognition of autoantigens by T-cells is a central factor in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis.

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In Vivo Imaging Uncovers the Migratory Behavior of Leukocytes within the Joints

Published on: December 9, 2025

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Spatial and Temporal Control of T Cell Activation Using a Photoactivatable Agonist

Spatial and Temporal Control of T Cell Activation Using a Photoactivatable Agonist

Published on: April 25, 2018

In Vivo Imaging Uncovers the Migratory Behavior of Leukocytes within the Joints

In Vivo Imaging Uncovers the Migratory Behavior of Leukocytes within the Joints

Published on: December 9, 2025

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

Impact:

Understanding T-cell autoantigen recognition is vital for developing targeted therapies.
Selective inhibition of T-cell autoantigen recognition presents a novel therapeutic avenue.
This research could lead to more effective treatments for rheumatoid arthritis by focusing on immune cell interactions.