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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing

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Published on: February 13, 2018

Long-term wind speed variations for three midwestern U.S. cities.

A Abhishek¹, Joo-Youp Lee, Tim C Keener

¹Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)

|September 25, 2010

Summary

Wind speeds in three Midwestern cities have significantly decreased, with a notable increase in calm conditions, particularly during warmer months. This trend, linked to large-scale atmospheric patterns, may impact air quality and human health.

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Area of Science:

Climatology
Atmospheric Science
Environmental Science

Background:

Midwestern cities face air quality challenges, necessitating understanding of meteorological factors.
Long-term wind data is crucial for assessing environmental changes and air quality management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate long-term wind speed variations in Indianapolis, Cincinnati, and Little Rock.
To identify trends in wind speed, including calms and different speed bins.
To explore potential large-scale atmospheric drivers influencing these wind patterns.

Main Methods:

Analysis of hourly wind data from the National Climatic Data Center (1943-2008).
Calculation of frequency of calms and wind speeds across defined bins.
Regression analysis, significance testing, and spatial correlation to identify atmospheric forcing.

Main Results:

A statistically significant increase in the frequency of calms was observed across all three cities (>99.999%).
A decrease in the overall frequency of other wind speeds was noted.
The Pacific North American (PNA) teleconnection pattern showed the highest association with observed wind speed trends.

Conclusions:

Large-scale atmospheric forcing, specifically teleconnection patterns, significantly influences Midwestern surface wind speeds.
Reduced wind speeds and increased calms may impede pollutant ventilation, impacting regional air quality and human health.
Ozone mitigation strategies may require adjustments due to altered wind patterns and their effect on pollutant distribution.