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Related Concept Videos

The Cell Cycle Control System01:28

The Cell Cycle Control System

The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the primary cell cycle regulators and function at the cell...
The Cell Cycle Control System02:11

The Cell Cycle Control System

The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
The Cell Cycle Control System02:11

The Cell Cycle Control System

The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
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Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division

Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
Several proteins function as internal regulators to ensure each cell cycle stage is completed faithfully before proceeding to the next. Regulator molecules may act directly or influence the activity or production of other...
Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation02:36

Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation

Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...
Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation02:36

Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation

Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...

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Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols
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Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols

Published on: June 6, 2017

Systems-level feedback in cell-cycle control.

Béla Novák1, P K Vinod, Paula Freire

  • 1Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK. bela.novak@bioch.ox.ac.uk

Biochemical Society Transactions
|September 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell cycle progression relies on oscillating cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1)-cyclin B activity. This review uses mechanical analogies to explain how conserved network motifs drive these oscillations, even with checkpoint controls.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Cell cycle progression requires precise alternation of chromosome replication and segregation.
  • This process is regulated by the oscillation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1)-cyclin B activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To illustrate the key features of cell-cycle oscillations.
  • To explain checkpoint-controlled and uncontrolled cell cycles using mechanical metaphors.
  • To highlight conserved network motifs underlying cell cycle oscillations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cell cycle regulation.
  • Application of mechanical metaphors to conceptualize oscillatory mechanisms.
  • Analysis of network motifs driving cell cycle dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Cell-cycle oscillations, crucial for cell division, are driven by conserved network motifs.
  • Checkpoint-controlled cell cycles utilize negative-feedback loops amplified by double-negative feedbacks.
  • Mechanical metaphors effectively illustrate the dynamics of both controlled and uncontrolled oscillations.

Conclusions:

  • Conserved network motifs are fundamental to cell cycle oscillations, irrespective of molecular variations.
  • Feedback mechanisms, particularly negative and double-negative feedbacks, are central to regulated cell cycle progression.
  • Mechanical analogies provide a valuable framework for understanding complex biological oscillations.