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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...

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Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
09:57

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Published on: September 20, 2024

Epilepsy in pervasive developmental disorder without brain MRI abnormalities.

Tomoko Miyajima1, Nobusuke Kimura, Tomohiro Kumada

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Shiga Medical Center for Children, Shiga, Japan. miyajima@terra.dti.ne.jp

Brain & Development
|September 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

In patients with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) and epilepsy but no brain MRI abnormalities, lower IQs correlate with later epilepsy onset and generalized epilepsy. Seizure freedom rates were similar between groups.

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Published on: August 16, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Epilepsy is frequently observed in individuals with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), with reported incidence rates between 5% and 40%.
  • Previous studies often included patients with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities or early-onset seizures, potentially confounding results.
  • This study focuses on PDD patients with epilepsy but without brain MRI abnormalities and excludes early-onset seizures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between intelligence quotient (IQ) levels and epilepsy characteristics in patients with PDD and no brain MRI abnormalities.
  • To compare epilepsy onset, seizure types, and seizure control between PDD patients with lower IQs (Group A) and higher IQs (Group B).

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective analysis of 67 patients diagnosed with PDD and epilepsy, excluding those with brain MRI abnormalities or seizures within the first year of life.
  • Patients were categorized into two groups based on IQ: Group A (IQ < 50) and Group B (IQ ≥ 50).
  • Data on epilepsy onset, seizure classification, and seizure-free status were collected and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • The median age of epilepsy onset was significantly higher in Group A (8.8 years) compared to Group B (5.2 years).
  • Generalized epilepsy was less common in Group A (3%) than in Group B (27%).
  • Seizure-free rates after one year were 47% in Group A and 76% in Group B, a difference that was not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

  • The association between PDD and epilepsy may differ based on IQ levels in patients without brain MRI abnormalities.
  • Lower IQs in PDD patients without brain anomalies are associated with later epilepsy onset and a lower prevalence of generalized epilepsy.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the distinct neurological underpinnings of epilepsy in PDD subgroups with varying intellectual capacities.