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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, is a long-term condition marked by persistent and only partially reversible airflow limitation. It involves two overlapping conditions—chronic bronchitis and emphysema—which often co-appear but differ in dominant symptoms and underlying mechanisms.Chronic Bronchitis FeaturesChronic bronchitis presents with a persistent productive cough and thick, sometimes purulent mucus due to airway inflammation, enlarged mucus glands, and goblet cell...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis.

Guillaume Bussone1, Luc Mouthon

  • 1Université Paris Descartes, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Paris, France.

Autoimmunity Reviews
|September 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) affects up to 75% of patients. Early diagnosis via pulmonary function tests and CT scans is crucial for managing this common SSc manifestation.

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Primary Sjogren's Syndrome Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma: Probing the Potential Common Pathogenic Mechanisms and Experimental Verification
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Primary Sjogren's Syndrome Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma: Probing the Potential Common Pathogenic Mechanisms and Experimental Verification

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Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
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Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

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Primary Sjogren's Syndrome Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma: Probing the Potential Common Pathogenic Mechanisms and Experimental Verification
10:21

Primary Sjogren's Syndrome Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma: Probing the Potential Common Pathogenic Mechanisms and Experimental Verification

Published on: September 20, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Pulmonology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a frequent complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc), particularly in patients with diffuse disease or anti-topoisomerase 1 antibodies.
  • While up to 75% of SSc patients develop ILD, only a minority progress to end-stage respiratory failure.
  • SSc-ILD typically presents as non-specific interstitial pneumonia, offering a better prognosis than idiopathic ILD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the prevalence and diagnostic methods for SSc-ILD.
  • To discuss the prognostic differences between SSc-ILD and idiopathic ILD.
  • To review current and alternative treatment strategies for SSc-ILD.

Main Methods:

  • Early diagnosis relies on pulmonary function tests (PFTs), including carbon monoxide diffusing capacity, and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT).
  • Regular PFT monitoring every 6-12 months is recommended for early detection of SSc-ILD progression.
  • Broncho-alveolar lavage is generally not indicated for disease activity assessment but can aid in diagnosing infections.

Main Results:

  • SSc-ILD is characterized by non-specific interstitial pneumonia in most cases, distinguishing it from the usual interstitial pneumonia pattern seen in idiopathic ILD.
  • Despite a generally better prognosis than idiopathic ILD, SSc-ILD remains a leading cause of mortality in SSc patients.
  • Recent studies show limited benefit of cyclophosphamide for lung function in SSc-ILD, prompting exploration of alternatives.

Conclusions:

  • Early detection of SSc-ILD through regular PFTs and HRCT is vital, preceding symptomatic dyspnea.
  • While SSc-ILD has a better prognosis than idiopathic ILD, it necessitates ongoing monitoring and consideration of alternative treatments.
  • Mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, and rituximab are emerging as alternatives to cyclophosphamide, with lung transplantation as a final option for eligible patients.