Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Load-frequency control

Load-frequency control

Load-frequency control (LFC) is vital for maintaining power system stability, ensuring that frequency and power flows remain within acceptable limits during load changes. Turbine-governor control eliminates rotor accelerations and decelerations following load changes. However, a steady-state frequency error persists when the change in the turbine-governor reference setting is zero. In an interconnected power system, each area agrees to export or import a scheduled amount of power through...

Turbine-Governor Control

Turbine-Governor Control

Turbine-governor control is crucial for maintaining power system stability by balancing turbine mechanical power output with electrical load demand. This mechanism ensures that generator frequency and rotor speed are within acceptable limits during load variations. Turbine-generator units store kinetic energy due to their rotating masses; this energy is released to meet the load requirement when the load increases. The electrical torque of turbines rises to meet the demand, whereas the...

Control Systems: Applications

Control Systems: Applications

Electrical engineering plays a pivotal role in our daily lives, with control systems at the heart of many applications, from home appliances to sophisticated space shuttles. Control systems manage and regulate the behavior of devices and processes, ensuring they function safely, correctly, and efficiently.
In modern vehicles, control systems manage various functions to enhance performance and safety. The steering wheel and accelerator are primary inputs in a car's control system. The direction...

Feedback control systems

Feedback control systems

Feedback control systems are categorized in various ways based on their design, analysis, and signal types.
Linear feedback systems are theoretical models that simplify analysis and design. These systems operate under the principle that their output is directly proportional to their input within certain ranges. For instance, an amplifier in a control system behaves linearly as long as the input signal remains within a specific range. However, most physical systems exhibit inherent nonlinearity...

PID Controller

PID Controller

Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers are widely used in various control systems to enhance stability and performance. In a thermostat, it adjusts heating or cooling based on the temperature difference between the actual and desired levels. They are often used in automotive speed systems, effectively managing sudden speed changes while maintaining a constant speed under varying conditions. On the other hand, PI controllers, commonly employed in voltage regulation, enhance stability...

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
The design of phase-lead control involves the strategic placement of poles and zeros to balance steady-state error and system...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Robust quantum telescope with a greatly extended measurement range: a Chinese remainder theorem-based method.

Optics express·2026

Same author

Improving the precision and efficiency of an optical telescope array by the piecemeal method.

Optics express·2026

Same author

Side-channel-secure quantum key distribution with state-dependent correlated errors and Trojan-horse attack.

Optics express·2025

Same author

Microsatellite-based real-time quantum key distribution.

Nature·2025

Same author

Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution with Local Frequency Reference.

Physical review letters·2024

Same author

Speeding up the classical simulation of Gaussian boson sampling with limited connectivity.

Scientific reports·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Temperature-Controlled Assembly and Characterization of a Droplet Interface Bilayer

Temperature-Controlled Assembly and Characterization of a Droplet Interface Bilayer

Published on: April 19, 2021

Thermal equilibrium control by frequent bang-bang modulation.

Cheng-Xi Yang¹, Xiang-Bin Wang

¹Department of Physics and the Key Laboratory of Atomic and Nanosciences, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|September 28, 2010

Summary

This study explores non-Markovian heat transfer in a harmonic oscillator system. Fast modulation can temporarily reverse heat flow, challenging conventional thermodynamics and establishing novel dynamic equilibria.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Temperature-Controlled Assembly and Characterization of a Droplet Interface Bilayer

Temperature-Controlled Assembly and Characterization of a Droplet Interface Bilayer

Published on: April 19, 2021

Area of Science:

Quantum thermodynamics
Statistical mechanics
Condensed matter physics

Background:

Understanding heat transfer in quantum systems is crucial for developing quantum technologies.
Non-Markovian dynamics introduce memory effects, complicating standard thermodynamic descriptions.
Harmonic oscillators are fundamental models for studying quantum phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate non-Markovian heat transfer between a damped harmonic oscillator and a thermal bath.
To analyze the effect of fast bang-bang modulation on heat flow direction and system energy.
To explore the establishment and characteristics of dynamic equilibrium under modulated conditions.

Main Methods:

Theoretical modeling of a weakly damped harmonic oscillator coupled to a thermal bath.
Analysis of system's mean energy evolution over time.
Application of fast bang-bang modulation to control heat transfer.
Investigation of long-time scale dynamic equilibrium.

Main Results:

System mean energy initially increases, then oscillates, and finally equilibrates with the bath, irrespective of initial temperature.
Fast modulation can temporarily invert heat flow, defying the hot-to-cold transfer principle.
A new dynamic equilibrium is established, where system energy can exceed or fall below the normal equilibrium value.
The dynamic equilibrium depends on modulation parameters and environmental characteristics.

Conclusions:

Non-Markovian heat transfer is controllable via external modulation, offering pathways to manipulate energy flow in quantum systems.
The concept of heat transfer can be extended beyond the classical hot-to-cold paradigm under specific non-Markovian conditions.
Dynamic equilibrium in modulated quantum systems presents opportunities for novel thermodynamic states and applications.