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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Diffusion-limited reactions on a two-dimensional lattice with binary disorder.

Andrea Wolff1, Ingo Lohmar, Joachim Krug

  • 1Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 77, 50937 Köln, Germany. awolff@thp.uni-koeln.de

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|September 28, 2010
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Summary

Disordered reaction-diffusion systems with shallow and deep sites show enhanced efficiency over wider temperature ranges. Spatial arrangements and a simple rate model accurately describe these complex physical and chemical phenomena.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Chemical Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Reaction-diffusion systems are prevalent in nature and technology.
  • Quenched disorder in transition rates significantly impacts system dynamics.
  • Understanding heterogeneous surfaces is crucial for optimizing chemical processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate pair reactions on a 2D lattice with quenched disorder.
  • To explore the effect of binary distributions of site energies on reaction efficiency.
  • To analyze the influence of spatial correlations and develop a predictive model.

Main Methods:

  • Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations were employed.
  • Thermally activated hopping and desorption processes were modeled.
  • Analysis of site energy distributions and spatial arrangements.

Main Results:

  • A binary distribution of shallow and deep sites broadens the efficient temperature window.
  • Spatial correlations, such as clustered or sublattice arrangements, were examined.
  • A simple rate equation model accurately reproduced simulation outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Heterogeneous sites enhance reaction efficiency in disordered systems.
  • Spatial organization plays a role in reaction dynamics.
  • Rate equations can effectively model complex reaction-diffusion phenomena.