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Related Concept Videos

Short-distance Transport of Resources02:12

Short-distance Transport of Resources

Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
Optimal Foraging00:48

Optimal Foraging

How animals obtain and eat their food is called foraging behavior. Foraging can include searching for plants and hunting for prey and depends on the species and environment.
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Role of Transporters01:27

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Role of Transporters

A drug's nonlinear kinetics can be influenced by a diverse range of transporter proteins that serve as crucial players in drug distribution. These transporters, found within cells, can enhance or reduce local drug concentrations by facilitating the influx or efflux of drugs. For instance, the expression of xenobiotic transporters can be influenced by factors such as age and gender, potentially impacting the linearity of drug response.
Polymorphisms occurring in drug transporters can alter...
Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
Membrane Transporters01:31

Membrane Transporters

Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
Transporters are mainly composed of alpha-helices, built from bundles of ten or more helices traversing the plasma membrane. The solute-binding sites are located midway, where some of the helices are broken or distorted, making space for the binding site through...
Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport01:19

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport

Certain large, lipid-insoluble drug molecules that resemble amino acids, peptides, or glucose, require specialized carrier proteins to facilitate their diffusion across cell membranes. This transport can occur through either facilitated diffusion, which does not require energy input, or active transport, which does require energy input.
Facilitated diffusion is a passive process that utilizes human Solute Carrier (SLC) transporters. These transporters bind to the drug, undergo structural...

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Related Experiment Videos

Optimal transport on supply-demand networks.

Yu-Han Chen1, Bing-Hong Wang, Li-Chao Zhao

  • 1Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|September 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new model for supply-demand transport networks, optimizing node placement to significantly boost network capacity. The simulated annealing algorithm enhances transport efficiency in heterogeneous networks.

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Area of Science:

  • Network science
  • Operations research
  • Complex systems

Background:

  • Traditional transport network models assume homogeneous nodes.
  • Real-world networks like power grids and supply chains feature distinct supply and demand nodes.
  • Heterogeneity in network structure impacts resource flow and capacity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a general transport model for supply-demand networks.
  • To develop a criterion for quantifying transport capacity in these networks.
  • To optimize the placement of supply nodes to enhance network performance.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a general transport model for supply-demand networks.
  • Introduced a criterion to quantify network transport capacity.
  • Designed a simulated annealing algorithm to optimize supply node configuration.

Main Results:

  • Transport capacity is highly sensitive to supply node locations in heterogeneous networks.
  • The simulated annealing algorithm significantly enhances transport capacity compared to random configurations.
  • Optimized configurations outperform degree target, betweenness target, and greedy methods.

Conclusions:

  • Supply node location is critical for optimizing transport capacity in heterogeneous supply-demand networks.
  • Simulated annealing offers an effective approach for enhancing network efficiency.
  • This work lays the foundation for systematic analysis and optimization of transport dynamics.