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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis, the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement for Detecting and Characterizing Self-Associations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement for Detecting and Characterizing Self-Associations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

Published on: September 23, 2021

Entangling remote nuclear spins linked by a chromophore.

M Schaffry¹, V Filidou, S D Karlen

¹Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters

|September 28, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a method to entangle nuclear spins using optically excited electron spins in molecular nanostructures. This breakthrough paves the way for advanced quantum technologies by enabling controllable interactions and low-decoherence qubits.

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Area of Science:

Quantum Information Science
Molecular Nanotechnology
Quantum Computing

Background:

Molecular nanostructures are promising for quantum technologies, requiring full control over their degrees of freedom.
Nuclear spins offer low-decoherence qubits, while optical excitations enable fast, controllable interactions.
Harnessing these properties is key to advancing quantum computing and communication.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel method for entangling two nuclear spins.
To investigate the feasibility of this method using molecular nanostructures.
To identify molecular properties crucial for high-fidelity quantum gates.

Main Methods:

Utilized density-functional theory (DFT) for theoretical calculations.
Conducted experiments on a test molecule to validate the proposed method.
Investigated entanglement mediated by a transient, optically excited electron spin.

Main Results:

Demonstrated a method for entangling two nuclear spins via a shared electron spin.
DFT calculations identified specific molecular properties enabling high entangling power.
Confirmed feasibility through experimental validation on a model molecular system.

Conclusions:

The presented method offers a viable route to entangle nuclear spins using molecular nanostructures.
Specific molecular designs can facilitate high-fidelity quantum gates with optical and microwave control.
Established synthesis techniques make these molecules accessible for quantum technology development.