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Related Concept Videos

ATP Synthase: Structure01:18

ATP Synthase: Structure

ATP synthase or ATPase is among the most conserved proteins found in bacteria, mammals, and plants. This enzyme can catalyze a forward reaction in response to the electrochemical gradient, producing ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. ATP synthase can also work in a reverse direction by hydrolyzing ATP and generating an electrochemical gradient. Different forms of ATP synthases have evolved special features to meet the specific demands of the cell. Based on their specific feature, ATP...
ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
ATP Synthase: Mechanism01:48

ATP Synthase: Mechanism

In animals, the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase is the key protein that synthesizes ATP molecules through a complex catalytic mechanism. While the nuclear genome encodes the majority of ATP synthase subunits, the mitochondrial genome encodes some of the enzyme's most critical components. The formation of this multi-subunit enzyme is a complex multi-step process regulated at the level of transcription, translation, and assembly. Defects in one or more of these steps can result in decreased ATP...
ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and are...
ATP Energy Storage and Release01:31

ATP Energy Storage and Release

ATP is a highly unstable molecule. Unless quickly used to perform work, ATP spontaneously dissociates into ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), and the free energy released during this process is lost as heat. The energy released by ATP hydrolysis is used to perform work inside the cell and depends on a strategy called energy coupling. Cells couple the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis with endergonic reactions, allowing them to proceed.
One example of energy coupling using ATP involves a...
ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps

The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...

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F1FO ATPase Vesicle Preparation and Technique for Performing Patch Clamp Recordings of Submitochondrial Vesicle Membranes
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Fluctuation theorem applied to F1-ATPase.

Kumiko Hayashi1, Hiroshi Ueno, Ryota Iino

  • 1The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Osaka, Japan.

Physical Review Letters
|September 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary

We applied fluctuation theorem (FT) to motor protein F1 experiments, improving rotary torque estimation. This marks the first use of FT for autonomous biological systems like F1-adenosine triphosphatase.

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Area of Science:

  • Non-equilibrium statistical mechanics
  • Biophysics
  • Molecular motors

Background:

  • Theories like fluctuation theorem (FT) and Jarzynski equality are applied to micro/nanosystems.
  • These theories are rarely used for autonomous systems, such as motor proteins.
  • FT is suitable for analyzing entropy production in small, non-equilibrium systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply the fluctuation theorem (FT) to single-molecule experiments of the F1-adenosine triphosphatase (F1) motor protein.
  • To assess the efficacy of FT in estimating the rotary torque of F1.
  • To explore the application of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics to autonomous biological systems.

Main Methods:

  • Single-molecule experiments were conducted on the F1-adenosine triphosphatase (F1) motor protein.
  • The fluctuation theorem (FT) was employed to analyze the experimental data.
  • Rotary torque estimation was performed using both FT and a conventional method for comparison.

Main Results:

  • The fluctuation theorem (FT) was successfully applied to single-molecule F1 experiments for the first time.
  • FT provided a more accurate estimation of the rotary torque of F1 compared to the conventional method.
  • This study demonstrates the potential of FT in characterizing autonomous biological systems.

Conclusions:

  • The fluctuation theorem (FT) is a valuable tool for analyzing non-equilibrium processes in autonomous biological systems.
  • FT offers improved accuracy in rotary torque estimation for motor proteins like F1-adenosine triphosphatase.
  • This research opens new avenues for applying non-equilibrium statistical mechanics to understand molecular motors.