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Related Concept Videos

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I, duplicated...
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
07:55

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 11, 2022

Strongly enhanced recombination via two-center electronic correlations.

C Müller1, A B Voitkiv, J R Crespo López-Urrutia

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|September 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary

A novel two-center dielectronic recombination process significantly enhances electron-ion recombination, even at large distances between atoms. This resonant mechanism can outperform standard recombination methods in various environments.

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Recombineering Homologous Recombination Constructs in Drosophila
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Recombineering Homologous Recombination Constructs in Drosophila

Published on: July 13, 2013

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
07:55

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 11, 2022

Recombineering Homologous Recombination Constructs in Drosophila
14:23

Recombineering Homologous Recombination Constructs in Drosophila

Published on: July 13, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Atomic and Molecular Physics
  • Plasma Physics
  • Quantum Chemistry

Background:

  • Electron-ion recombination is fundamental to many physical and chemical processes.
  • Understanding recombination mechanisms is crucial for modeling plasmas and chemical reactions.
  • Current models often focus on single-center processes, potentially underestimating certain recombination pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a resonant two-center dielectronic recombination process.
  • To determine the conditions under which this process dominates over single-center radiative recombination.
  • To assess the relevance of this mechanism in realistic physical systems.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of electron-ion interactions in the presence of a neighboring atom.
  • Quantum mechanical calculations of resonant excitation and radiative decay pathways.
  • Application of the model to specific systems like alkali cations in water and warm dense matter.

Main Results:

  • A two-center dielectronic recombination mechanism was identified.
  • This process was shown to be resonant, involving atomic electron excitation and radiative decay.
  • The two-center process was found to dominate over single-center radiative recombination at internuclear distances up to several nanometers.

Conclusions:

  • The predicted two-center dielectronic recombination is a significant process in atomic and plasma physics.
  • This mechanism enhances electron-ion recombination rates, particularly in systems with closely spaced atoms or ions.
  • The findings have implications for understanding chemical reactions in solutions and the properties of warm dense matter.