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Related Concept Videos

Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution: Problem Solving01:20

Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution: Problem Solving

Individual molecules in a gas move in random directions, but a gas containing numerous molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds, which is known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, f(v).
This distribution function f(v) is defined by saying that the expected number N (v1,v2) of particles with speeds between v1 and v2 is given by
Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the streamlines...
Lenz's Law01:15

Lenz's Law

The direction in which the induced emf drives the current around a wire loop can be found through the negative sign. However, it is usually easier to determine this direction with Lenz's law, named in honor of its discoverer, Heinrich Lenz (1804–1865). Lenz's law states that the direction of the induced emf drives the current around a wire loop always to oppose the change in magnetic flux that causes the emf.
If a bar magnet is moved toward a coil such that the magnetic flux through the coil...
Navier–Stokes Equations01:28

Navier–Stokes Equations

For incompressible Newtonian fluids, where density remains constant, stresses show a linear relationship with the deformation rate, defined by normal and shear stresses. Normal stresses depend on the pressure exerted on the fluid and the rate of deformation in specific directions, which determines how fluid flows under varying pressures. Shear stresses, on the other hand, act tangentially across fluid layers. They explain how adjacent fluid layers slide relative to one another, connecting...
Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving01:18

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving

Newtonian fluids exhibit a constant viscosity, meaning their shear stress and shear strain rate are directly proportional. This property ensures a predictable and stable response to applied forces, maintaining a linear relationship between force and flow. Examples include water, air, and light oils, consistently demonstrating this proportional behavior regardless of external conditions.
A velocity gradient forms within the fluid when a Newtonian fluid is placed between two parallel plates, with...
Accelerating Fluids01:17

Accelerating Fluids

When a fluid is in constant acceleration, the pressure and buoyant force equations are modified. Suppose a beaker is placed in an elevator accelerating upward with a constant acceleration, a. In the beaker, assume there is a thin cylinder of height h with an infinitesimal cross-sectional area, ΔS.
The motion of the liquid within this infinitesimal cylinder is considered to obtain the pressure difference. Three vertical forces act on this liquid:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
10:52

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Published on: April 12, 2019

Fast lattice Boltzmann solver for relativistic hydrodynamics.

M Mendoza1, B M Boghosian, H J Herrmann

  • 1ETH Zürich, Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, Institute for Building Materials, Schafmattstrasse 6, HIF, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland. mmendoza@ethz.ch

Physical Review Letters
|September 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary

A new lattice Boltzmann method for relativistic fluid dynamics is introduced. This computational approach offers efficiency and handles complex scenarios, applicable from quark-gluon plasmas to supernova explosions.

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An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
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An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
10:52

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Published on: April 12, 2019

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Computational physics
  • Relativistic fluid dynamics

Background:

  • Lattice Boltzmann methods (LBM) are computationally efficient and adept at handling complex geometries.
  • Relativistic fluid dynamics is crucial for understanding phenomena like quark-gluon plasmas and astrophysical events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel lattice Boltzmann formulation for relativistic fluid dynamics.
  • To numerically validate the proposed method against existing hydrodynamic simulations.
  • To demonstrate its capability in handling complex geometries and extreme astrophysical scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a lattice Boltzmann formulation tailored for relativistic fluid dynamics.
  • Numerical validation through quantitative comparison with established hydrodynamic simulations.
  • Application to a 3D relativistic shock wave from a supernova impacting an interstellar cloud.

Main Results:

  • Successful numerical validation of the lattice Boltzmann formulation against benchmark simulations.
  • Demonstration of the method's efficacy in simulating complex 3D relativistic fluid phenomena.
  • Accurate modeling of a supernova shock wave interacting with an interstellar cloud.

Conclusions:

  • The presented lattice Boltzmann formulation is a viable and efficient tool for relativistic fluid dynamics.
  • This method extends the benefits of LBM to high-energy physics and astrophysics.
  • Opens new avenues for simulating phenomena from quark-gluon plasmas to supernovae with relativistic outflows.