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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.

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Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
14:58

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

Published on: June 3, 2015

Pulsed nuclear pumping and spin diffusion in a single charged quantum dot.

Thaddeus D Ladd1, David Press, Kristiaan De Greve

  • 1E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA. tdladd@gmail.com

Physical Review Letters
|September 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We observed a feedback loop between nuclear spins and electron spins in quantum dots. This allows for dynamic control of electron spin properties using precisely timed optical pulses.

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Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
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Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots
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Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Solid-state physics
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Quantum dots are semiconductor nanocrystals with tunable electronic properties.
  • Electron and nuclear spins in quantum dots are crucial for quantum information processing.
  • Coherent optical control is a key technique for manipulating quantum states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feedback mechanism between nuclear spins and electron spins in a single charged quantum dot.
  • To explore the impact of pulsed optical excitation on spin dynamics.
  • To demonstrate a novel method for dynamic tuning of electron spin properties.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing coherently pulsed optical excitation with a sequence of resonant and off-resonant pulses.
  • Performing spin initialization and coherent electron-spin rotation.
  • Observing the free-induction decay of the single electron spin.
  • Developing a mathematical model to analyze spin dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Observed a hysteretic sawtooth pattern in the free-induction decay, indicating a feedback process.
  • Identified competition between optical nuclear pumping and nuclear spin-diffusion.
  • Demonstrated dynamic tuning of the electron Larmor frequency based on pulse timing.

Conclusions:

  • The observed feedback process enables dynamic control over electron spin properties.
  • This control can be achieved by precisely timing optical pulses.
  • Potential for advanced coherent control operations in quantum dot spintronics.