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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters01:11

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The upper urinary system comprises two kidneys and two ureters, which are crucial in filtering blood and forming urine.KidneysLocation and Structure:The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs positioned behind the peritoneum on either side of the spine.Kidneys are between the 12th thoracic (T12) and the 3rd lumbar (L3) vertebrae.The position of the liver causes the right kidney to sit slightly lower than the left.Protective Layers:Each kidney is enveloped in a tough, fibrous membrane called the...
Introduction to Urinary System01:13

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The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space, on either side of the vertebral column, between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. They are partially protected by the rib cage and surrounded by perirenal fat, which provides cushioning. They are responsible for urine formation and play critical roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and hormone production. The ureters...
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...

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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Emergency Undocking in Robotic Surgery: A Simulation Curriculum
06:48

Emergency Undocking in Robotic Surgery: A Simulation Curriculum

Published on: May 20, 2018

Framework for incorporating simulation into urology training.

Sonal Arora1, Benjamin Lamb1, Shabnam Undre1

  • 1Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.

BJU International
|September 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Simulation training enhances urological skills. This review explores simulation

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Surgical Simulation
  • Urology Training

Background:

  • Modern demands necessitate alternative urology training environments.
  • Simulation offers a safe, realistic learning setting.
  • Current integration of simulation in urology training is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review the status and future of simulation for urological technical and non-technical skills.
  • Present a framework for integrating simulation into the urology curriculum.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focused on simulation in urology for technical and non-technical skills.

Main Results:

  • Simulation effectively trains basic and advanced technical skills, cognitive abilities, and non-technical skills.
  • Training progresses from basic skills to complex crisis simulations.
  • Virtual reality and in situ models are key tools.

Conclusions:

  • Simulation is vital for developing competent urologists.
  • The proposed framework can guide curriculum integration.
  • Further research should validate skill transfer to patient care.