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Related Concept Videos

Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
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Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT01:30

Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT

Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and the...

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Detecting Anastasis In Vivo by CaspaseTracker Biosensor
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Published on: February 1, 2018

Radiation exposure and pregnancy.

Palma Shaw1, Audra Duncan, Ageliki Vouyouka

  • 1Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Journal of Vascular Surgery
|September 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Fetal radiation exposure, particularly between 8-15 weeks, poses risks. Protective measures like shielding and distance significantly reduce radiation exposure for pregnant clinicians and patients.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiology
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology

Background:

  • Understanding fetal radiation effects relies on diverse data, including animal studies and human exposures from medical procedures and atomic bombs.
  • Existing data presents controversies regarding precise radiation doses and environmental factors influencing fetal exposure outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the implications of ionizing radiation exposure for the fetus, pregnant patients, and healthcare professionals.
  • To review current knowledge on radiation's impact during pregnancy and in clinical settings.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of existing literature on ionizing radiation effects.
  • Discussion focused on fetal development, prenatal period, parental exposure, and pregnant clinicians/patients.

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Measuring DNA Damage and Repair in Mouse Splenocytes After Chronic In Vivo Exposure to Very Low Doses of Beta- and Gamma-Radiation
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Published on: July 3, 2015

  • Analysis of radiation exposure scenarios in medical contexts.

    • Main Results:

    • The developing fetus exhibits maximum sensitivity to radiation effects during the 8 to 15-week gestational period.
    • Implementing protective strategies, such as increasing distance from the source and utilizing movable shields, can reduce radiation exposure significantly (factor of four per doubling of distance).

    Conclusions:

    • Developing guidelines for pregnant residents undergoing fluoroscopic procedures is crucial.
    • These guidelines aim to enhance awareness, define maximum permissible exposure levels, and clarify the professional role of pregnant residents.