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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Production of Synthetic Nuclear Melt Glass
Published on: January 4, 2016
The new IAEA reference material: IAEA-434 technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORM)
A Shakhashiro1, U Sansone, H Wershofen
1International Atomic Energy Agency, Agency's Laboratories, Vienna International Center, PO Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. A.Shakhashiro@iaea.org
Abstract:
A reliable determination of Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in phosphogypsum is necessary to comply with radiation protection and environmental regulations. In this respect, a new phosphogypsum reference material was produced and certified to assist in the validation of analytical methods and the quality assurance of produced analytical results. This paper presents the sample preparation methodology, material homogeneity assessment, characterization campaign results and assignment of property values, and associated uncertainties. The reference values and associated uncertainties for Pb-210, Ra-226, Th-230, U-234 and U-238 were established based on consensus values calculated from analytical results reported by three National Metrology Institutes and five expert laboratories.
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