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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues
Published on: June 3, 2016
Transcriptional regulation of vascular cell fates
Kyoko Ohashi-Ito1, Hiroo Fukuda
1Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. kyoko@biol.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Abstract:
In vascular development, uncommitted cells differentiate into different xylem cells through vascular stem cells, such as procambial cells, during vein formation as well as embryogenesis. Cascades of transcriptional regulation of genes play crucial roles in the progress of vascular development. Auxin, cytokinin, and brassinosteroids also function in procambial cell determination, procambial maintenance, and xylem cell differentiation from procambial cells, respectively, through transcriptional regulation. The positive feedback loop typically shown in auxin-flow-MONOPTEROS-(HD-ZIP IIIs)-PIN1-auxin-flow in procambial precursor cell determination and VND7-ASL/LBD-VND7 in xylem vessel cell determination, may be a crucial mechanism that determines vascular cell fates, which occurs in stages.
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Transcription
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Transcription
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps
General Transcription Factors
Master Transcription Regulators

