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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Pulse01:20

Regulation of Pulse

Pulse regulation involves physiological mechanisms that ensure adequate blood flow throughout the body. The heartbeat, regulated by the autonomic nervous system, is influenced by hormonal balance, physical activity, and emotional state.
Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac muscle...
Special considerations while measuring pulse01:13

Special considerations while measuring pulse

Assessing a patient's pulse is a fundamental skill in healthcare, but certain situations require special attention:
Pulse01:16

Pulse

When the heart pumps blood out, arterial elastic fibers play a crucial role in sustaining a high-pressure gradient. They expand to accommodate the received blood and then recoil - a process known as the pulse that can be either manually palpated or electronically quantified. Despite a reduction in its effect with increased distance from the heart, elements of the pulse's systolic and diastolic components persist, observable even at the arteriole level.
The pulse serves as a clinical indicator...
Pulse01:05

Pulse

The pulse is one of the most fundamental physiological indicators of the body's cardiovascular health. It is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of the arterial walls in response to the pressure generated by the heart's pumping action.
Pulse Rate and its Significance
Pulse rate, often measured in beats per minute (bpm), reflects the heart rate (HR), which is influenced by numerous factors such as stress, physical activity, and hormonal changes. A normal resting adult pulse rate falls between...
Decreased pulse rate01:14

Decreased pulse rate

Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
There are specific risk factors that can elevate the likelihood of developing bradycardia. Advanced age is a significant factor, with bradycardia...

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Published on: April 19, 2021

Cooperative pulses.

Michael Braun1, Steffen J Glaser

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)
|September 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cooperative (COOP) pulses cancel imperfections in multi-scan experiments, improving signal quality. This novel method, optimized with gradient ascent pulse engineering (GRAPE), enhances magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Pulse Engineering
  • Quantum Control

Background:

  • Multi-scan experiments in MRI are prone to signal imperfections.
  • Existing methods like phase cycling have limitations in fully compensating these imperfections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate cooperative (COOP) pulses for canceling signal imperfections in multi-scan experiments.
  • To demonstrate the efficiency of COOP pulse optimization using an extended GRAPE algorithm.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the cooperative (COOP) pulse concept.
  • Extension of the gradient ascent pulse engineering (GRAPE) algorithm for COOP pulse optimization.
  • Experimental validation of COOP pulses for broadband and band-selective applications.

Main Results:

  • COOP pulses effectively compensate for each other's imperfections.
  • Undesired signal contributions are canceled in multi-scan experiments.
  • Experimental demonstration confirms the advantage of COOP pulses for both broadband and band-selective scenarios.

Conclusions:

  • COOP pulses offer a generalized and complementary approach to phase cycling for improving signal quality in MRI.
  • The extended GRAPE algorithm provides an efficient method for optimizing COOP pulses.
  • COOP pulses show significant potential for enhancing various MRI applications.