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Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.

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Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information
09:37

Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information

Published on: August 15, 2019

webFOG: A web tool to map genomic features onto genes.

Sonika Tyagi1, Mitchell S Stark, Nicholas K Hayward

  • 1Oncogenomics Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia. Sonika.Tyagi@qimr.edu.au

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|September 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Scientists developed a new tool to automatically map and annotate newly discovered genomic features, such as miRNAs and SNPs, to the human reference genome for enhanced analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • High-throughput techniques are rapidly discovering novel genomic features.
  • Accurate mapping and annotation of these features to a reference genome are crucial for downstream analysis and functional characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an automated tool for mapping diverse genomic features to the latest human genome reference.
  • To enable functional annotation of newly identified genomic elements.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a computational tool capable of processing various genomic data types.
  • Integration with the latest human genome build for accurate mapping.
  • Implementation of annotation functionalities for new features.

Main Results:

  • A functional tool has been created to map and annotate genomic features.
  • The tool supports diverse feature types including miRNAs, CpG islands, and SNPs.
  • Both standalone and web-based versions are available.

Conclusions:

  • The developed tool addresses the challenge of automatically mapping and annotating new genomic features.
  • Facilitates further research by providing a robust platform for genomic data analysis.
  • Accessible via web interface and as downloadable source code.