Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...

Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The cost of implanting a cemented <i>versus</i> cementless total knee arthroplasty.

The bone & joint journal·2019

Same author

Does patient-reported perception of pain differ based on surgical approach in total hip arthroplasty?

The bone & joint journal·2019

Same author

Changes in acetabular orientation during total hip arthroplasty.

The bone & joint journal·2019

Same author

Is a modular dual mobility acetabulum a viable option for the young, active total hip arthroplasty patient?

The bone & joint journal·2019

Same author

Is there evidence to support an indication for surface replacement arthroplasty?: a systematic review.

The bone & joint journal·2019

Same author

Mobile pump deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis: just say no to drugs.

The bone & joint journal·2017

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint

Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint

Published on: July 22, 2021

Joint position sense in the normal and pathologic knee joint.

H B Skinner¹, R L Barrack

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.

Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology : Official Journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology

|September 28, 2010

Summary

Joint position sense is crucial for knee health and rehabilitation. Degenerative joint disease, aging, and knee replacement significantly impair this sense, but reconstruction and rehabilitation can restore it.

More Related Videos

Application of Acupotomy in a Knee Osteoarthritis Model in Rabbit

Application of Acupotomy in a Knee Osteoarthritis Model in Rabbit

Published on: October 20, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint

Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint

Published on: July 22, 2021

Application of Acupotomy in a Knee Osteoarthritis Model in Rabbit

Application of Acupotomy in a Knee Osteoarthritis Model in Rabbit

Published on: October 20, 2023

Area of Science:

Orthopaedic Surgery
Biomechanics
Neuroscience

Background:

Joint position sense is vital for knee function and rehabilitation.
Limited research exists on factors affecting knee joint position sense.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate knee joint position sense in healthy individuals.
To evaluate the impact of aging, knee disease, surgery, and training on joint position sense.

Main Methods:

Measured angle reproduction and motion detection thresholds in subjects.
Assessed effects of aging, arthritis, ACL disruption/reconstruction, total knee replacement, fatigue, and athletic training.

Main Results:

Normal knee joint position sense error is ~2.5°, with ~2.5°-4° needed to detect passive motion.
Athletic training improves motion detection but impairs angle reproduction.
Aging, knee damage (arthritis, ACL injury), and total knee replacement degrade joint position sense, with knee replacement and arthritis causing the most significant decline.

Conclusions:

Knee joint position sense is significantly impacted by age and knee pathology/surgery.
Ligamentous reconstruction and rehabilitation can effectively restore joint position sense.