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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a membrane...
Coagulation01:09

Coagulation

The coagulation phase is a critical part of the body's process to prevent blood loss following injury to blood vessels. It involves chemical reactions that form a clot to seal the injured area. The clotting process begins shortly after injury, within 15-20 seconds for severe damage and 1-2 minutes for minor injuries.
During the coagulation phase, clotting factors, or procoagulants, play a vital role in initiating and progressing the coagulation cascade. This cascade is a series of reactions...
Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis01:20

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis

Blood clotting or coagulation involves extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which ultimately merge into the common pathway, forming a fibrin clot.
The Extrinsic Pathway
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is typically initiated by tissue damage that exposes blood to tissue factor (TF), a protein released by the damaged tissue cells outside the blood vessels—this interaction with TF triggers biochemical reactions involving specific clotting factors. The key player here is Factor VII, which forms a...
Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
Introduction to Hemostasis01:05

Introduction to Hemostasis

Hemostasis is a complex physiological process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. It's crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system, as it ensures that our blood remains fluid while still within the vascular network and yet clots to prevent blood loss upon vessel injury.
The three phases of hemostasis involve many clotting factors present in plasma and several substances released by platelets and injured tissue cells. It is a fast, localized, and...

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A Microfluidic Flow Chamber Model for Platelet Transfusion and Hemostasis Measures Platelet Deposition and Fibrin Formation in Real-time
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A Microfluidic Flow Chamber Model for Platelet Transfusion and Hemostasis Measures Platelet Deposition and Fibrin Formation in Real-time

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Molecular intercommunication between the complement and coagulation systems.

Umme Amara1, Michael A Flierl, Daniel Rittirsch

  • 1Department of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|September 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Coagulation and fibrinolysis proteases directly cleave complement components C3 and C5, generating active anaphylatoxins. This discovery reveals a direct link between these critical biological systems in inflammation and injury.

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

A Microfluidic Flow Chamber Model for Platelet Transfusion and Hemostasis Measures Platelet Deposition and Fibrin Formation in Real-time
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Measuring the 50% Haemolytic Complement (CH50) Activity of Serum
08:26

Measuring the 50% Haemolytic Complement (CH50) Activity of Serum

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Assessment of the Anticoagulant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Endothelial Cells Using 3D Cell Culture and Non-anticoagulated Whole Blood
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Assessment of the Anticoagulant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Endothelial Cells Using 3D Cell Culture and Non-anticoagulated Whole Blood

Published on: September 5, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • The complement and coagulation systems are crucial in inflammation and tissue injury.
  • Previous studies suggested associations between these cascades, but mechanisms were unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate direct molecular links between coagulation/fibrinolysis factors and complement components C3 and C5.
  • To determine the functional consequences of these interactions.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro and ex vivo assays using purified factors and human serum/plasma.
  • Mass spectrometry to identify cleavage products.
  • Chemotaxis assays with mast cells and neutrophils.
  • Functional complement assays (hemolytic activity).
  • Analysis of patient plasma with multiple injuries.

Main Results:

  • Coagulation factors (thrombin, FXIa, Xa, IXa) and plasmin directly cleaved C3 and C5 into active anaphylatoxins (C3a, C5a).
  • Cleavage products demonstrated chemotactic activity for mast cells and neutrophils.
  • FXa showed the highest C3 cleavage activity, inhibited by FXa inhibitors.
  • Ex vivo, FXa activated complement in serum/plasma, generating C3a, C5a, and terminal complex, reducing hemolytic activity.
  • Early correlation of coagulation (thrombin-antithrombin) and complement activation (C5a) observed in trauma patients.

Conclusions:

  • Coagulation and fibrinolysis proteases act as C3 and C5 convertases, generating active anaphylatoxins.
  • These findings establish direct molecular links between the coagulation and complement systems.
  • This interaction represents a complex serine protease system with implications for inflammation and injury.