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Related Concept Videos

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent – the...
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

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Cocrystalization and simultaneous agglomeration using hot melt extrusion.

Ravindra S Dhumal1, Adrian L Kelly, Peter York

  • 1Centre for Pharmaceutical Engineering Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, UK.

Pharmaceutical Research
|September 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hot melt extrusion (HME) offers a scalable, solvent-free method for creating cocrystal agglomerates. This continuous process enhances dissolution rates and tableting properties, streamlining pharmaceutical manufacturing.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Technology
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Cocrystal formation is crucial for improving drug solubility and bioavailability.
  • Traditional methods for cocrystal production often involve solvents and multiple processing steps.
  • Developing continuous, solvent-free manufacturing technologies is a key goal in pharmaceutical development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate hot melt extrusion (HME) as a scalable, solvent-free technology for producing cocrystal agglomerates.
  • To optimize HME process parameters for efficient cocrystallization and agglomeration.
  • To evaluate the physicochemical and performance properties of HME-produced cocrystals.

Main Methods:

  • Cocrystal agglomerates of ibuprofen and nicotinamide were prepared using HME with varied temperature, screw speed, and configuration.
  • Crystallinity was assessed using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
  • Morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dissolution rates/tableting properties were compared to ibuprofen.

Main Results:

  • Cocrystallization efficiency was significantly influenced by temperature, shear, and residence time, improving with increased intensity.
  • Spherical agglomerates with directly compressible properties and enhanced dissolution rates were successfully produced.
  • The HME process eliminated the need for subsequent size modification steps, offering a significant advantage over conventional techniques.

Conclusions:

  • A single-step, scalable, solvent-free, continuous HME technology was developed for cocrystallization and agglomeration.
  • This method provides flexibility in tailoring cocrystal purity and addresses regulatory demands for Quality by Design (QbD) and Process Analytical Technology (PAT).
  • HME presents a high-potential technology for pharmaceutical applications due to its efficiency and established nature.