Managing common foot problems in older adults

Foot problems related to aging or disease processes such as nail fungus or arthritis often go unrecognized and untreated, and can lead to considerable dysfunction. Multiple contributing factors, such as repetitive stress and structural changes in the foot, further compromise function. Effective topical management approaches for xerosis, fissures, hyperkeratotic lesions, and fungal infections can lessen the severity of symptoms. However, when recalcitrant, such as long-standing onychomycosis, prescription medications may be warranted. These medications are not without serious side effects and should be used with caution in older adults. New methods that pose fewer risks, such as film-forming solutions and photodynamic therapy, are emerging to treat skin and toenail infections. Several nonpharmacological and pharmacological treatment approaches are presented in this article.