Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...

Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Liddle syndrome is a genetically inherited form of hypertension characterized by the overactivity of epithelial sodium channels in the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. This heightened activity leads to increased sodium reabsorption and excessive excretion of potassium. To counteract this, potassium-sparing diuretics such as amiloride are used. They function by blocking these sodium channels, thereby reducing the influx of sodium into the epithelial cells and minimizing the loss of...

Physiology of the Genitourinary System II: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

Physiology of the Genitourinary System II: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

The kidneys maintain homeostasis through filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Tubular reabsorption and secretion are crucial in forming urine and regulating electrolytes, water balance, and waste elimination.Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion ProcessesTubular reabsorption is the process that reclaims essential substances such as electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, and water from the glomerular filtrate back into the bloodstream. This is achieved through passive and active transport...

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...

Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution

Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution

The kidneys concentrate or dilute urine to maintain water and electrolyte balance. Nephrons, particularly the loop of Henle, play a crucial role in this process through the countercurrent multiplication system. This system establishes a high osmolarity in the renal medulla, which is essential for water reabsorption. In the loop of Henle’s descending limb, water is reabsorbed into the surrounding medulla due to its permeability to water. In contrast, the ascending limb actively transports...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Low intensity transcranial electric stimulation: Safety, ethical, legal regulatory and application guidelines.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2017

Same author

Pharmacogenomic aspects of bipolar disorder: An update.

European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology·2017

Same author

The International SSRI Pharmacogenomics Consortium (ISPC): a genome-wide association study of antidepressant treatment response.

Translational psychiatry·2016

Same author

Heritability of Caffeine Metabolism: Environmental Effects Masking Genetic Effects on CYP1A2 Activity but Not on NAT2.

Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics·2016

Same author

[Personalized drug therapy based on genetics. Possibilities and examples from clinical practice].

Der Internist·2016

Same author

OCT1 mediates hepatic uptake of sumatriptan and loss-of-function OCT1 polymorphisms affect sumatriptan pharmacokinetics.

Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics·2015

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Cardiac Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis Using Conductance Catheters in Mice

Cardiac Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis Using Conductance Catheters in Mice

Published on: September 17, 2015

The genetics of loop diuretic effects.

S V Vormfelde¹, J Brockmöller

¹Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany. svormfe@gwdg.de

The Pharmacogenomics Journal

|September 30, 2010

Summary

Genetic variations significantly influence how individuals respond to loop diuretics like bumetanide, frusemide, and torsemide. This genetic impact on drug response is stronger than pharmacokinetic factors, offering new insights into personalized medicine.

More Related Videos

Two-photon Imaging of Intracellular Ca2+ Handling and Nitric Oxide Production in Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells of an Isolated Rat Aorta

Two-photon Imaging of Intracellular Ca²⁺ Handling and Nitric Oxide Production in Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells of an Isolated Rat Aorta

Published on: June 10, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Cardiac Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis Using Conductance Catheters in Mice

Cardiac Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis Using Conductance Catheters in Mice

Published on: September 17, 2015

Two-photon Imaging of Intracellular Ca2+ Handling and Nitric Oxide Production in Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells of an Isolated Rat Aorta

Two-photon Imaging of Intracellular Ca²⁺ Handling and Nitric Oxide Production in Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells of an Isolated Rat Aorta

Published on: June 10, 2015

Area of Science:

Pharmacogenetics
Clinical Pharmacology
Human Genetics

Background:

Loop diuretics are essential for managing fluid and electrolyte balance.
The genetic underpinnings of individual responses to loop diuretics remain largely unexplored.
Understanding genetic influences can optimize diuretic therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of specific genetic polymorphisms on the excretion of electrolytes and fluid following loop diuretic administration.
To compare the influence of genetic factors versus pharmacokinetic variations on loop diuretic efficacy.

Main Methods:

A study involving 95 healthy volunteers who received bumetanide, frusemide, and torsemide.
Analysis of five genetic polymorphisms, including those in GNB3, ANP, and ADD1.
Measurement of 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium chloride, potassium, and calcium.

Main Results:

Significant associations were found between specific alleles (e.g., GNB3 C825T, ANP Val32Met, ANP Ter152Arg) and urinary excretion of sodium chloride, potassium, and calcium.
Genetic variations explained a substantial portion of the variability in urinary excretion (20% for sodium chloride, 15% for volume, 10% for potassium, 23% for calcium).
The contribution of genetic factors to response variation exceeded that of pharmacokinetic differences (13%, 10%, 11%, 6% respectively).

Conclusions:

Genetic variation is a more potent determinant of loop diuretic response than pharmacokinetic variation.
These findings highlight the potential for pharmacogenetics to guide personalized diuretic therapy.
Further research into genetic markers can improve treatment outcomes for patients on loop diuretics.