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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...

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Preparation of Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rats and Transgenic Mice for the Study of Synaptic Alterations during Aging and Amyloid Pathology

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Published on: March 23, 2011

Enhanced post-ischemic neurogenesis in aging rats.

Yao-Fang Tan¹, Edward Preston, J Martin Wojtowicz

¹Department of Physiology, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada.

Frontiers in Neuroscience

|September 30, 2010

Summary

Middle-aged rats showed restored hippocampal neurogenesis after induced hypotension, suggesting age-related declines in cell production may be reversible. This could offer future strategies for enhancing cognitive function in aging populations.

Keywords:

adult neurogenesis aging dentate gyrus hippocampus ischemia stroke

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Aging Research
Cell Biology

Background:

Hippocampal neurogenesis, crucial for learning and memory, declines significantly with age in mammals.
Reduced neurogenesis experimentally impacts cognitive functions, highlighting its importance.
The reversibility of age-related neurogenesis decline in middle-aged mammals remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if cell production in the hippocampus of middle-aged rats can be restored to levels seen in younger rats.
To determine the efficacy of bilateral carotid occlusion with hypotension in manipulating neurogenesis in aging rats.
To examine the temporal effects and regional specificity of induced neurogenesis.

Main Methods:

Induction of bilateral carotid occlusion with hypotension in 10- to 13-month-old rats.
Measurement of neuronal proliferation and differentiation at 10, 35, and 90 days post-ischemia.
Comparison of neurogenesis levels between middle-aged and younger rats, with a focus on dorsal and ventral hippocampus.

Main Results:

Neuronal proliferation and differentiation were transiently restored in middle-aged rats following the procedure.
The restoration of neurogenesis was more pronounced in the dorsal hippocampus compared to the ventral hippocampus.
The procedure re-established the typical dorso-ventral gradient of neurogenesis observed in younger rats.

Conclusions:

Age-dependent declines in hippocampal neurogenesis are potentially reversible in middle-aged rats.
Bilateral carotid occlusion with hypotension is an effective method for transiently restoring neurogenesis in aging rats.
These findings suggest possibilities for manipulating neurogenesis to improve cognitive function in older individuals.