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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview01:29

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview

Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
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Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...

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Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
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Personalized medicine: understanding probabilities and managing expectations.

Zachary Laksman1, Allan S Detsky

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Journal of General Internal Medicine
|September 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Personalized medicine, driven by human genetics, faces significant challenges in clinical application. Current models may be more marketing than reality, requiring substantial investment and innovation for integration.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Genomics
  • Personalized Medicine
  • Clinical Care Transformation

Background:

  • Human genetics advancements promise personalized medicine.
  • Significant challenges exist in translating basic science to clinical practice.
  • Current healthcare systems may be unprepared for personalized medicine tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the scientific foundations and challenges of personalized medicine.
  • To share investor perspectives on the current status of personalized medicine.
  • To integrate diverse viewpoints into a common understanding of personalized medicine's future.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on human genetics and personalized medicine.
  • Analysis of potential challenges in clinical implementation.
  • Integration of perspectives from potential investors in personalized medicine.

Main Results:

  • Despite rapid advancements in human genetics, a gap exists between research and clinical application.
  • Significant investment and innovation are needed for infrastructure development and tool assimilation.
  • The current model of personalized medicine may be more of a marketing concept than a concrete future.

Conclusions:

  • Personalized medicine requires substantial creative effort and investment across research, development, and infrastructure.
  • The integration of personalized medicine into current healthcare models faces considerable hurdles.
  • The concept of personalized medicine, as currently stylized, may overstate its immediate predictive power.