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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.

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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Published on: September 12, 2011

Visual cortex abnormalities in adults with ADHD: a structural MRI study.

Johannes Ahrendts1, Nicolas Rüsch, Marko Wilke

  • 1Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry : the Official Journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry
|October 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adult ADHD patients show reduced gray matter in the early visual cortex, not typically studied areas. This suggests visual processing, not just executive functions, may be key in adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Published on: September 12, 2011

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
13:09

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) of the Visual Cortex with Wide-View Retinotopic Stimulation
07:11

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) of the Visual Cortex with Wide-View Retinotopic Stimulation

Published on: December 8, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Previous Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) studies focused on prefronto-striatal circuits with inconsistent findings.
  • Recent research suggests the posterior parietal cortex may also be involved in ADHD.
  • Structural brain differences in adult ADHD remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural brain correlates of adult ADHD.
  • To clarify the involvement of prefronto-striatal and posterior parietal areas in adult ADHD.
  • To identify novel brain regions associated with adult ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to analyze high-resolution MRI scans.
  • 31 adult patients diagnosed with ADHD were compared to 31 healthy control subjects.
  • Volumetric differences in gray matter were assessed across the entire brain.

Main Results:

  • No significant gray matter volume differences were found in prefrontal, striatal, or parietal regions.
  • Adult ADHD patients showed a significant bilateral reduction in gray matter volume in the early visual cortex (P<0.04).
  • This finding was unexpected given the focus on executive function networks in ADHD.

Conclusions:

  • The observed visual cortex abnormalities in adult ADHD may relate to attentional mechanism impairments.
  • Executive dysfunction might not be the primary neurobiological feature of adult ADHD.
  • The visual cortex warrants further investigation as a potential site of dysfunction in ADHD across age groups.