Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Thyroid hormone and thyromimetics inhibit myelin and axonal degeneration and oligodendrocyte loss in EAE.

Journal of neuroimmunology·2021
Same author

Occurence of microplastics in the hyporheic zone of rivers.

Scientific reports·2019
Same author

Effects of isoflavones on breast tissue and the thyroid hormone system in humans: a comprehensive safety evaluation.

Archives of toxicology·2018
Same author

High Variability of Insulin Sensitivity in Closely Related Obese Mouse Inbred Strains.

Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association·2016
Same author

Thyroid hormone and its metabolites in relation to quality of life in patients treated for differentiated thyroid cancer.

Clinical endocrinology·2016
Same author

Pathophysiological relevance of selenium.

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2014
Same journal

DAX-1 in sex determination and gonadal development: revisiting the anti-testis hypothesis.

Endocrine reviews·2026
Same journal

Regulators of Appetite in Mammals - Old and New players.

Endocrine reviews·2026
Same journal

Endometriosis-associated Pain: Mechanism, Neuroimmune Signature, and Translational Precision Strategies.

Endocrine reviews·2026
Same journal

Nuclear Receptors Shape Sepsis Pathophysiology.

Endocrine reviews·2026
Same journal

Beyond aldosterone and renin: emerging biomarkers for diagnosing and subtyping primary aldosteronism.

Endocrine reviews·2026
Same journal

Glucocorticoids in pregnancy: A master-switch for fetal maturation.

Endocrine reviews·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse
04:14

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

Thyronamines--past, present, and future.

S Piehl1, C S Hoefig, T S Scanlan

  • 1Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum (Südring 10), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.

Endocrine Reviews
|October 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyronamines (TAMs) are endogenous compounds that induce hypothermia and metabolic changes. These signaling molecules show therapeutic potential for conditions like stroke, offering a natural treatment alternative.

More Related Videos

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation
16:02

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation

Published on: February 10, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse
04:14

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation
16:02

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation

Published on: February 10, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Thyronamines (TAMs) are endogenous signaling compounds structurally similar to thyroid hormones but lacking a carboxylate group.
  • Initially noted in the 1950s, TAMs were rediscovered in 2004 as ligands for trace-amine associated receptors (TAARs).
  • Two key TAMs, 3-iodothyronamine (3-T(1)AM) and thyronamine (T(0)AM), have been identified in vivo.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and consolidate existing data on thyronamines (TAMs), encompassing both historical and recent findings.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of TAM research.
  • To highlight the physiological effects and therapeutic potential of TAMs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on thyronamines (TAMs) from the 1950s to the present.
  • Analysis of in vivo studies involving administration of 3-iodothyronamine (3-T(1)AM) and thyronamine (T(0)AM) to animal models.
  • Synthesis of data regarding the structural characteristics and biological activities of TAMs.

Main Results:

  • Administration of 3-T(1)AM and T(0)AM in animal models induced rapid effects including hypothermia, metabolic depression, hyperglycemia, and reduced fat mass.
  • TAMs were found to induce hypothermia, a state with potential prophylactic and acute therapeutic applications, particularly in stroke treatment.
  • Despite their potent effects, the precise physiological roles of TAMs remain largely undetermined.

Conclusions:

  • Thyronamines (TAMs) represent a class of endogenous compounds with significant physiological effects and therapeutic promise, especially in inducing hypothermia.
  • Their ability to cause hypothermia positions them as potential treatments for conditions like stroke, possibly with fewer side effects than synthetic drugs.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the physiological functions and optimize the therapeutic applications of TAMs.