Viral infections in pregnancy

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Infectious Diseases
• Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

• Physician responsibilities for viral infections in pregnancy have significantly evolved over the past 15 years.
• Increased prevalence of genital herpes near term necessitates careful recognition.
• Cytomegaloviruses are the leading cause of congenital infections, lacking effective prevention or treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the changing landscape of viral infections in pregnancy.
• To highlight the significance of specific viral pathogens and their impact on maternal and fetal health.
• To discuss the current status and management of various viral infections during gestation.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of current research on viral infections in pregnancy.
• Analysis of epidemiological trends and clinical significance of identified viruses.
• Evaluation of diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with each infection.

Main Results:

• Genital herpes frequency is increasing, posing risks near delivery.
• Cytomegaloviruses are common congenital pathogens with no current prevention or treatment.
• Varicella is a teratogen in early pregnancy and causes severe neonatal disease if contracted late in gestation.
• Hepatitis B transmission to infants is a concern, especially with third-trimester maternal infection.
• Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus is a teratogen, relevant in specific geographic regions.
• Rubella control is improving in the US due to vaccination and serodiagnosis.

Conclusions:

• Viral infections in pregnancy present diverse and evolving risks.
• Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial for preventing adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes.
• Continued vigilance and public health initiatives are necessary for managing infections like hepatitis B and rubella.