Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Lobes of the Cerebrum01:22

Lobes of the Cerebrum

The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements.
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Transcranial ultrasound stimulation selectively enhances fronto-temporal context-guided memory.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Evolutionary constrained genes associated with autism spectrum disorder across 2,054 nonhuman primate genomes.

Molecular autism·2025
Same author

Longitudinal study of personal space in autism.

Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence·2024
Same author

The reality of occupational harm incurred by Japanese home health care nurses, the hazardous situations they face, and protective measures: a cross-sectional study.

Journal of occupational health·2024
Same author

Author Correction: Immediate neural impact and incomplete compensation after semantic hub disconnection.

Nature communications·2023
Same author

Immediate neural impact and incomplete compensation after semantic hub disconnection.

Nature communications·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Slicing the Embryonic Chicken Auditory Brainstem to Evaluate Tonotopic Gradients and Microcircuits
08:24

Slicing the Embryonic Chicken Auditory Brainstem to Evaluate Tonotopic Gradients and Microcircuits

Published on: July 12, 2022

Hierarchical auditory processing directed rostrally along the monkey's supratemporal plane.

Yukiko Kikuchi1, Barry Horwitz, Mortimer Mishkin

  • 1Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health-National Institutes of Health, and Brain Imaging and Modeling Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders-National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. yk254@georgetown.edu

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|October 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The auditory cortex processes sound hierarchically, moving from primary auditory areas (A1) to more advanced regions like the rostrotemporal polar area (RTp). This pathway refines sound processing and stimulus selectivity along the supratemporal plane.

More Related Videos

Stereotactically-guided Ablation of the Rat Auditory Cortex, and Localization of the Lesion in the Brain
09:29

Stereotactically-guided Ablation of the Rat Auditory Cortex, and Localization of the Lesion in the Brain

Published on: October 11, 2017

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI
10:50

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI

Published on: February 19, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Slicing the Embryonic Chicken Auditory Brainstem to Evaluate Tonotopic Gradients and Microcircuits
08:24

Slicing the Embryonic Chicken Auditory Brainstem to Evaluate Tonotopic Gradients and Microcircuits

Published on: July 12, 2022

Stereotactically-guided Ablation of the Rat Auditory Cortex, and Localization of the Lesion in the Brain
09:29

Stereotactically-guided Ablation of the Rat Auditory Cortex, and Localization of the Lesion in the Brain

Published on: October 11, 2017

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI
10:50

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI

Published on: February 19, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Processing
  • Primate Brain

Background:

  • The auditory core (A1, R, RT) is considered the initial stage of auditory cortical processing.
  • Existing anatomical evidence suggests a hierarchical organization within the auditory core and feedforward projections to surrounding areas.
  • The role of the rostrotemporal polar area (RTp) and its relation to the auditory core in processing streams remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional organization of auditory processing along the supratemporal plane (STP).
  • To test the hypothesis that area RT and rostral STP form an anterior extension of a rostrally directed auditory processing stream originating in A1.
  • To characterize neuronal responses and stimulus selectivity in different sectors of the STP.

Main Methods:

  • Single-neuron electrophysiological recordings were performed in three sectors along the STP of primates.
  • Sector I primarily encompassed area A1, Sector II area RT, and Sector III the RTp.
  • Auditory responses, including onset latency and stimulus selectivity to monkey calls and other sounds, were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Mean onset latency and stimulus selectivity increased progressively from Sector I (A1) to Sector III (RTp).
  • Neuronal firing rates differed in response to monkey calls versus other sounds across sectors.
  • Cells in Sector I showed higher firing rates for 'other' sounds, while Sectors II and III responded similarly to both stimulus types.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support a hierarchically organized, rostrally directed auditory processing stream along the STP.
  • This stream extends from the primary auditory area (A1) to the temporal pole (RTp).
  • Auditory processing along this stream involves gradually increasing stimulus selectivity.