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Cholecystitis

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Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...

Gallbladder

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The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ that plays a crucial role in our digestive system. Measuring about 10 cm in length, it is comparable in size to a kiwi fruit and is located in a hollow area on the lower surface of the liver. The gallbladder's primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that aids in digestion.
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat conditions related to the bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, and gallbladder. This procedure is beneficial for identifying and addressing blockages, gallstones, strictures, and tumors within the biliary or pancreatic systems. ERCP is both diagnostic and therapeutic, offering the ability to visualize and treat identified problems in one session.
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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Laparoscopic Choledochal Cyst Excision and Roux-en-Y Choledochojejunostomy in Adults

Laparoscopic Choledochal Cyst Excision and Roux-en-Y Choledochojejunostomy in Adults

Published on: February 28, 2025

Choledochoceles: are they choledochal cysts?

Kathryn M Ziegler¹, Henry A Pitt, Nicholas J Zyromski

¹Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.

Annals of Surgery

|October 1, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Choledochoceles differ significantly from choledochal cysts in patient demographics, presentation, and management, with a novel association with pancreas divisum. These findings suggest choledochoceles should be excluded from choledochal cyst classifications.

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Laparoscopic Choledochal Cyst Excision and Roux-en-Y Choledochojejunostomy in Adults

Laparoscopic Choledochal Cyst Excision and Roux-en-Y Choledochojejunostomy in Adults

Published on: February 28, 2025

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary Surgery
Pediatric Surgery
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

Background:

Choledochoceles are often classified as Todani Type III choledochal cysts.
Historically, surgical series have underrepresented choledochoceles due to primary endoscopic management.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare choledochoceles with Todani Types I, II, IV, and V choledochal cysts.
To analyze differences in patient characteristics, presentation, and treatment modalities.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of surgical, endoscopic, and radiologic records.
Inclusion of patients with choledochal cysts from Riley Children's Hospital and Indiana University Hospitals.
Analysis of demographics, symptoms, imaging, associated abnormalities, procedures, and outcomes.

Main Results:

The largest Western series identified 146 patients with choledochal cysts, including 28 with choledochoceles.
Choledochoceles patients were older, more likely male, presented with pancreatitis, and had higher rates of pancreas divisum.
Endoscopic therapy was the predominant management for choledochoceles (79% vs. 17%).

Conclusions:

Choledochoceles exhibit distinct clinical and anatomical features compared to other choledochal cysts.
A significant association between choledochoceles and pancreas divisum was observed.
Current classifications of choledochal cysts should be revised to exclude choledochoceles.