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Related Concept Videos

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and are...
ATP Synthase: Mechanism01:48

ATP Synthase: Mechanism

In animals, the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase is the key protein that synthesizes ATP molecules through a complex catalytic mechanism. While the nuclear genome encodes the majority of ATP synthase subunits, the mitochondrial genome encodes some of the enzyme's most critical components. The formation of this multi-subunit enzyme is a complex multi-step process regulated at the level of transcription, translation, and assembly. Defects in one or more of these steps can result in decreased ATP...
ATP Synthase: Structure01:18

ATP Synthase: Structure

ATP synthase or ATPase is among the most conserved proteins found in bacteria, mammals, and plants. This enzyme can catalyze a forward reaction in response to the electrochemical gradient, producing ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. ATP synthase can also work in a reverse direction by hydrolyzing ATP and generating an electrochemical gradient. Different forms of ATP synthases have evolved special features to meet the specific demands of the cell. Based on their specific feature, ATP...
ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps

The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 28, 2026

Measuring Cation Transport by Na,K- and H,K-ATPase in Xenopus Oocytes by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: An Alternative to Radioisotope Assays
12:48

Measuring Cation Transport by Na,K- and H,K-ATPase in Xenopus Oocytes by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: An Alternative to Radioisotope Assays

Published on: February 19, 2013

Studies concerning ATP dynamics in essential hypertension.

V Vasilescu1, M F Tripşa, A Dinu

  • 1Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania.

Revue Roumaine De Physiologie (Bucharest, Romania : 1990)
|April 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a rapid method to measure adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. Hypertensive individuals showed significantly higher ATP in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid compared to controls.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Essential hypertension is a complex condition with multifactorial origins.
  • Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) plays a crucial role in cellular energy metabolism and signaling.
  • Alterations in ATP levels may be implicated in the pathophysiology of hypertension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a rapid and reproducible method for quantifying ATP levels in biological fluids.
  • To investigate changes in ATP concentration in plasma, erythrocytes, and cerebrospinal fluid of hypertensive subjects.
  • To explore potential correlations between ATP distribution, and sodium (Na) and potassium (K) content in hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Beckmann LS-7000 liquid scintillation spectrometer.

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Use of Enzymatic Biosensors to Quantify Endogenous ATP or H2O2 in the Kidney
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Use of Enzymatic Biosensors to Quantify Endogenous ATP or H2O2 in the Kidney

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 28, 2026

Measuring Cation Transport by Na,K- and H,K-ATPase in Xenopus Oocytes by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: An Alternative to Radioisotope Assays
12:48

Measuring Cation Transport by Na,K- and H,K-ATPase in Xenopus Oocytes by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: An Alternative to Radioisotope Assays

Published on: February 19, 2013

Two-photon Imaging of Intracellular Ca2+ Handling and Nitric Oxide Production in Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells of an Isolated Rat Aorta
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Two-photon Imaging of Intracellular Ca2+ Handling and Nitric Oxide Production in Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells of an Isolated Rat Aorta

Published on: June 10, 2015

Use of Enzymatic Biosensors to Quantify Endogenous ATP or H2O2 in the Kidney
10:00

Use of Enzymatic Biosensors to Quantify Endogenous ATP or H2O2 in the Kidney

Published on: October 12, 2015

  • Employed the luciferin-luciferase bioluminescence system for ATP detection.
  • Analyzed ATP concentrations in plasma, erythrocytes, and cerebrospinal fluid from hypertensive and control groups.

    • Main Results:

    • A significant increase in ATP concentration was observed in the plasma of hypertensive subjects compared to controls.
    • Cerebrospinal fluid ATP levels were also significantly elevated in hypertensive individuals.
    • A slight modification in ATP concentration was noted in the erythrocytes of hypertensive subjects.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed bioluminescence assay provides a sensitive method for ATP microdosage.
    • Elevated ATP levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid may be a biomarker for essential hypertension.
    • Further research correlating ATP variations with electrolyte balance could elucidate hypertension's molecular mechanisms.