Calcium phosphate cements in skull reconstruction: a meta-analysis

Area of Science:

• Neurosurgery
• Biomaterials Science
• Medical Engineering

Background:

• Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are utilized in skull reconstruction.
• Controversy exists regarding their indications and outcomes.
• A comprehensive meta-analysis is needed to clarify CPC efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically evaluate the outcomes of CPCs in skull reconstruction.
• To compare CPC complication rates with other cranioplasty materials.
• To identify factors influencing complication rates.

Main Methods:

• A meta-analysis of published literature was conducted.
• PubMed database was searched for relevant studies.
• Data on defect size, cement volume, follow-up, and complications were extracted.

Main Results:

• Nineteen articles were included, reporting a mean total complication rate of 13%.
• Significant heterogeneity was observed in major complication rates (9%) and reoperation rates (14%).
• Factors like radiotherapy and paranasal sinus proximity increased complication risks.

Conclusions:

• CPCs demonstrated comparable or worse complication rates than methylmethacrylate or autogenous bone.
• Selective use of CPCs in skull reconstruction is recommended.
• Further prospective studies are required to define the role of CPCs in cranioplasty.