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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

In Vitro Multiparametric Cellular Analysis by Micro Organic Charge-modulated Field-effect Transistor Arrays
Published on: September 20, 2021
Field-effect-transistor self-electro-optic-effect-device (FET-SEED) electrically addressed differential modulator
Abstract:
We describe a 6 × 6 array of electrically addressed field-effect-transistor self-electro-optic-effect-device differential modulators in which each element has a single-stage amplifier to permit an input voltage of less than 1 V to control the output modulators, which can operate at as high as 10 V. The variations in the switching voltages across the array are less than ±70 mV, and the individual array elements are operated at as high as 2 Gbits/s. We also measure cross talk between adjacent elements within the array, measure the dependence of the switching time on the input voltage swing, and calculate the dependence of the switching time that is due to the photocurrent of the modulators.
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