Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis01:28

Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis

Bacterial pathogens depend on precise and efficient DNA replication to sustain infection. Two type II topoisomerases—DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV—are critical to this process, as they resolve DNA supercoiling and unlink chromosomes during replication. Fluoroquinolones, synthetic derivatives of quinolones, exploit this mechanism by stabilizing the transient DNA–enzyme cleavage complex, preventing strand religation, and causing lethal double-strand breaks. These antibiotics are selectively...
Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...
Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

Overview

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Temocillin versus carbapenems for bacteraemia due to third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales in Spain (ASTARTÉ): a multicentre, phase 3, open-label, non-inferiority, randomised clinical trial.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
Same author

Comparative analysis of disk diffusion and microscan versus broth microdilution methods for determining antimicrobial susceptibility of cefepime and piperacillin-tazobactam in <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates carrying <i>bla</i><sub>OXA-1</sub>.

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy·2026
Same author

Intercepting the SOS message: SpsB inhibition by OXF-077 stalls the evolution of antibiotic resistance.

Cell chemical biology·2026
Same author

Molecular epidemiology of OXA-1054, a novel carbapenem-hydrolysing Class D β-lactamase, in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from wastewaters.

npj antimicrobials and resistance·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to 'Efficacy of the CHRONOlight biodynamic lighting system for control of nosocomial Gram-negative pathogens' Int J Infect Dis. 2025 Dec;161:108120. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108120. Epub 2025 Oct 11.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases·2026
Same author

Erratum for Recacha et al., "Characterization of a <i>bla</i><sub>KPC-3</sub>-carrying plasmid in a clinical isolate of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> belonging to the emerging successful clone ST147".

Microbiology spectrum·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Quantification of Plasmid-Mediated Antibiotic Resistance in an Experimental Evolution Approach
12:32

Quantification of Plasmid-Mediated Antibiotic Resistance in an Experimental Evolution Approach

Published on: December 14, 2019

Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance: an update.

José Manuel Rodríguez-Martínez1, María Eliecer Cano, Carmen Velasco

  • 1Department of Microbiology, University of Seville, Avda. Sánchez Pizjuán s/n, 41009, Seville, Spain.

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy : Official Journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy
|October 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The discovery of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes, like qnrA1, has revealed multiple mechanisms. These genes, including acetyltransferases and efflux pumps, contribute to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

More Related Videos

Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance
09:00

Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance

Published on: May 2, 2018

Visualization of Bacterial Resistance using Fluorescent Antibiotic Probes
08:23

Visualization of Bacterial Resistance using Fluorescent Antibiotic Probes

Published on: March 2, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Quantification of Plasmid-Mediated Antibiotic Resistance in an Experimental Evolution Approach
12:32

Quantification of Plasmid-Mediated Antibiotic Resistance in an Experimental Evolution Approach

Published on: December 14, 2019

Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance
09:00

Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance

Published on: May 2, 2018

Visualization of Bacterial Resistance using Fluorescent Antibiotic Probes
08:23

Visualization of Bacterial Resistance using Fluorescent Antibiotic Probes

Published on: March 2, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The emergence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance is a significant concern in infectious diseases.
  • The first plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene, qnrA1, was identified in 1998.
  • Subsequent discoveries include additional qnr genes (qnrB, qnrS, qnrC, qnrD) and their chromosomal counterparts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize the known plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance mechanisms.
  • To highlight the genetic and functional diversity of these resistance determinants.
  • To discuss the implications of these mechanisms for bacterial populations and antibiotic therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published studies on quinolone resistance genes.
  • Characterization of identified plasmid-mediated resistance genes and their protein products.
  • Analysis of the geographic distribution and prevalence of these resistance mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Several plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance mechanisms have been identified, including Qnr proteins, acetyltransferase Aac(6')-Ib-cr, and efflux pumps (QepA, OqxAB).
  • Qnr proteins protect target enzymes (type II topoisomerases) from quinolone inhibition.
  • These resistance genes are widely distributed, particularly in Enterobacteriaceae, but their prevalence is underestimated due to detection challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Plasmid-mediated resistance mechanisms, though often conferring low-level resistance, play a crucial role in the selection and amplification of higher-level resistance.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is vital for developing effective strategies to combat the spread of antibiotic resistance.
  • Continued surveillance and research are necessary to monitor the evolution and dissemination of quinolone resistance.