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Probing model tumor interfacial properties using piezoelectric cantilevers.

Hakki Yegingil¹, Wan Y Shih, Wei-Heng Shih

¹Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|October 5, 2010

Summary

The shear modulus (G) to elastic modulus (E) ratio (G/E) can quantify tumor interfacial roughness. This ratio effectively differentiates between smooth and rough tumor models, aiding in cancer diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

Biophysics
Biomaterials Science
Medical Imaging Physics

Background:

Invasive malignant breast cancers often exhibit rough or branchy interfaces, contrasting with the smooth surfaces of benign tumors.
Characterizing tumor interfacial roughness is crucial for differentiating invasive from non-invasive breast cancers.
The shear modulus (G) to elastic modulus (E) ratio (G/E) is proposed as a quantitative measure for interfacial roughness.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the utility of the G/E ratio in characterizing the interfacial roughness of model tumors.
To develop and utilize a piezoelectric cantilever system for simultaneous measurement of elastic and shear moduli.
To correlate G/E values with varying degrees of tumor surface roughness in artificial tissue models.

Main Methods:

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A piezoelectric cantilever with lead zirconate titanate layers was employed for all-electrical elastic and shear modulus measurements.
Model tissues were created by embedding 1D corrugated and 3D spiky-ball inclusions (modeling clay) within a gelatin matrix.
The G/E ratio was measured across these inclusions under varying shear directions relative to surface features.

Main Results:

Smooth inclusions yielded a consistent G/E of 0.3, irrespective of shear direction.
For 1D corrugated inclusions, G/E varied significantly with shear direction, increasing (>0.7) when perpendicular to corrugation.
For 3D spiky-ball inclusions, G/E correlated with the spike length to radius ratio (s/r), exceeding 0.7 for s/r ≥ 0.28 and decreasing towards 0.3 for s/r < 0.28.

Conclusions:

The G/E ratio serves as an effective parameter for quantifying interfacial roughness in model tumor tissues.
The piezoelectric cantilever system enables precise measurement of G/E, distinguishing between smooth and rough surfaces.
This approach holds potential for non-invasive differentiation of cancerous from non-cancerous breast tissue based on surface topography.