Effective dose equivalent to the operator in intra-oral dental radiography
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 30, 2026

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging
Published on: September 11, 2011
1Department of Oral Radiology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
Abstract:
The effective dose equivalent to the operator in intra-oral dental radiography has been determined. The exposure from a bitewing radiograph and periapical views of the left maxillary incisors and first molar was measured at nine heights and 16 positions, all 1 m from the patient. The effective dose equivalent was determined using data from ICRP 51 (International Commission on Radiological Protection: Data for Use in Protection Against External Radiation). The values presented are related to an exposure of 1 C kg-1 (3876 R) measured free in air at the tube-end. They thus constitute ratios which are not influenced by the sensitivity of the film or other detector used and form standard tables which permit the calculation of the effective dose equivalent in clinical situations.
Related Concept Videos
Biological Effects of Radiation
X-ray Imaging
IV Infusion to Oral Dosing: Conversion Methods

