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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

A Computational Pipeline for Intergenic/Intragenic Enhancer RNA Quantification in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
06:02

A Computational Pipeline for Intergenic/Intragenic Enhancer RNA Quantification in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: October 28, 2025

Long noncoding RNAs with enhancer-like function in human cells.

Ulf Andersson Ørom1, Thomas Derrien, Malte Beringer

  • 1The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Cell
|October 5, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) surprisingly activate gene expression, challenging previous understanding of their function. This study reveals their role in regulating critical developmental genes.

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Optimized Quantitative Assessment of Enhancer RNA Stability in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
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Optimized Quantitative Assessment of Enhancer RNA Stability in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: November 21, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

A Computational Pipeline for Intergenic/Intragenic Enhancer RNA Quantification in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
06:02

A Computational Pipeline for Intergenic/Intragenic Enhancer RNA Quantification in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: October 28, 2025

Optimized Quantitative Assessment of Enhancer RNA Stability in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
03:34

Optimized Quantitative Assessment of Enhancer RNA Stability in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: November 21, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Long noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent a significant portion of the mammalian transcriptome, yet their functions remain largely unknown.
  • Existing research primarily links ncRNAs to gene silencing mechanisms like X-inactivation and imprinting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize long ncRNAs using GENCODE human genome annotation.
  • To investigate the functional role of long ncRNAs in gene expression regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized GENCODE annotation to identify over a thousand long ncRNAs expressed across multiple human cell lines.
  • Performed gene depletion experiments to assess the impact on neighboring protein-coding gene expression.
  • Employed heterologous transcription assays to confirm the role of ncRNAs in gene activation.

Main Results:

  • Identified an unexpected enhancer-like function for a subset of long ncRNAs in human cell lines.
  • Depletion of specific ncRNAs resulted in reduced expression of nearby protein-coding genes, including key developmental regulators like SCL (TAL1), Snai1, and Snai2.
  • Demonstrated the necessity of these ncRNAs for activating gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • Reveals a novel role for long noncoding RNAs as activators of gene expression.
  • Highlights the involvement of ncRNAs in regulating critical genes essential for development and differentiation.
  • Challenges the predominant view of ncRNAs solely as gene silencers.