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Rapid increase in aggressive behavior precedes the decrease in brain aromatase activity during socially mediated sex

Michael P Black1, Jacques Balthazart, Michelle Baillien

  • 1Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-3966, USA. biombb@langate.gsu.edu

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In bluebanded gobies, aromatase activity in the brain does not precede aggression. Instead, decreased brain aromatase activity follows increased aggressive behavior in females after male removal, potentially facilitating sex change.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Endocrinology
  • Neurobiology
  • Fish Biology

Background:

  • Socially mediated sex change is observed in the bluebanded goby (Lythrypnus dalli).
  • Male removal triggers rapid sex change in a dominant female, preceded by decreased brain aromatase activity (bAA) in prior studies.
  • A previous study suggested a correlation between increased aggression and reduced bAA in females post-male removal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal relationship between brain aromatase activity and aggressive behavior in bluebanded gobies following male removal.
  • To determine if decreased bAA precedes or follows the rapid increase in aggressive behavior in females.

Main Methods:

  • Rapid time-course behavioral profiling and bAA assays were conducted within minutes of male removal.
  • Aggressive behavior was quantified in females that did or did not show a significant increase post-removal.
  • bAA levels were measured in control females and experimental females at various time points.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in bAA were found between control females and females exhibiting increased aggression within 30 minutes of male removal.
  • Individual variation in bAA and aggressive behavior were not correlated in the studied fish.
  • Decreases in whole brain aromatase activity were observed to follow, not precede, rapid increases in aggressive behavior.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest that decreased brain aromatase activity is a consequence, not a cause, of rapid aggression increases in bluebanded gobies.
  • This temporal relationship provides a potential mechanism for the surge in androgens following aggressive interactions in vertebrates.
  • The subsequent rise in androgens may facilitate female-to-male sex change in species like the bluebanded goby.