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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Related Experiment Video

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Accurate and Simple Measurement of the Pro-inflammatory Cytokine IL-1β using a Whole Blood Stimulation Assay
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Published on: March 1, 2011

Negative affective responses to a speech task predict changes in interleukin (IL)-6.

Judith E Carroll1, Carissa A Low, Aric A Prather

  • 1Behavioral Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, USA.

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
|October 5, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Individuals experiencing anger or anxiety during stress show higher inflammatory responses. This suggests a link between negative emotions, inflammation, and disease vulnerability.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychoneuroimmunology
  • Stress and Health Research

Background:

  • Individual differences in inflammatory responses to psychological stress are significant but poorly understood.
  • These variations may influence susceptibility to stress-related diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether affective responses to acute stress contribute to individual differences in inflammation.
  • To examine the association between emotional reactions during stress and systemic inflammation markers.

Main Methods:

  • 102 healthy volunteers underwent an acute stress protocol (public speaking task).
  • Measures included affective state (anger, anxiety) and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels.
  • Data were collected at baseline, during stress, and during recovery; analyses controlled for demographic and health factors.

Main Results:

  • Increased anger and anxiety during the stress task were positively associated with elevated IL-6 levels.
  • These affective responses independently predicted changes in IL-6, independent of cardiovascular reactivity.
  • Regression analyses indicated significant associations (R² change = .08, p = .004 for anger; R² change = .08, p = .005 for anxiety).

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with angry or anxious responses to acute stress exhibit heightened systemic inflammation.
  • This suggests that affective responses to challenge may increase vulnerability to inflammatory diseases.
  • Understanding these psychophysiological links is crucial for stress-related disease prevention.