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Related Concept Videos

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device
09:36

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Published on: September 24, 2020

Enflurane analgesia.

S Firn

    Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
    |October 5, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Enflurane inhalation analgesia effectively manages pain during procedures like burn dressings in conscious patients. A 1% air-enflurane mixture provides rapid pain relief without anesthesia, nausea, or vomiting.

    Area of Science:

    • Anesthesiology and Pain Management
    • Inhalation Analgesia
    • Burn Care

    Background:

    • Painful procedures, such as burn dressings, require effective analgesia in conscious patients.
    • Previous studies suggested enflurane's analgesic properties, but optimal concentration was critical for patient cooperation.
    • Methoxyflurane was a known inhalation analgesic but required a longer induction time.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy of air-enflurane mixture for inhalation analgesia in conscious patients undergoing painful procedures.
    • To determine the optimal concentration of enflurane in air for effective analgesia without inducing anesthesia.
    • To compare the onset and efficacy of enflurane analgesia with methoxyflurane.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized an air-enflurane mixture for inhalation analgesia in conscious patients.

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  • Administered a 1% enflurane concentration in air, avoiding general anesthesia.
  • Documented the use of enflurane analgesia in 32 patients during 101 burns dressing procedures.

    • Main Results:

    • A 1% enflurane in air mixture provided significant analgesia in conscious patients.
    • Analgesic effects were comparable to 0.35% methoxyflurane but achieved significantly faster (3 minutes vs. 9-10 minutes).
    • No preoperative starvation was required, and patients experienced no nausea or vomiting.

    Conclusions:

    • Air-enflurane inhalation analgesia is a safe and effective method for managing pain during procedures like burn dressings.
    • The 1% enflurane concentration offers rapid onset analgesia without anesthetic side effects, improving patient cooperation.
    • Enflurane presents a viable alternative to methoxyflurane, offering faster pain relief for painful procedures.