Retrograde modulation of dendritic geometry in the vertebrate brain during development

The neurons of the chick's isthmo-optic nucleus (ION) are known to innervate the retina. We here show that removing the retinal primordia causes the ION dendritic trees to be much less polarized than normal. Our observations were made at 11 embryonic days, which is before the isthmo-optic neurons become dependent on the retina for survival. Other parameters such as neuronal size were unchanged, so the effect seems to have been specific to dendritic shape. Our interpretation is that early target removal eliminates a retrograde signal that normally enhances dendritic polarization.