Hemodynamic influences on vascular endothelial biology

The vascular endothelium resides in a unique biomechanical stress environment resulting from the hemodynamics of the system. In vivo studies indicate that there are regional differences in endothelial biology and that this may be due to the influence of the local hemodynamic environment. To investigate this further, cell culture studies have been conducted using well-defined mechanical stress environments. To study flow effects, we have employed a parallel plate chamber in which endothelial cell monolayers are exposed to laminar flow. In such experiments and concomitant with changes in morphology, there are a variety of other alterations in cell function, including a decrease in the rate of cell proliferation for subconfluent monolayers. Changes in cell behavior due to the direct effect of pressure and in cultured cells which are in a cyclical stress field also have been observed. In the recognition/transduction of such a mechanical signal, the pathway may possibly include a membrane event linked to the control of intracellular calcium. It may be that the same signaling mechanisms are involved both in cytoskeletal/shape changes and in the control of the cell's growth program and, in exercising such an influence, hemodynamics may have an important role in the response of the arterial wall to injury and the resulting repair and/or disease processes.