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Virus-induced autoimmunity.

A Schattner1, B Rager-Zisman

  • 1Department of Virology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.

Reviews of Infectious Diseases
|March 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Viral infections can trigger autoimmune diseases by altering host cells or immune responses. Evidence suggests viruses may cause autoimmunity in genetically susceptible individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • Viral infections frequently induce transient autoantibodies in humans.
  • Some viruses can cause or worsen autoimmune tissue injury and disease.
  • Animal models demonstrate virus-induced autoimmunity, often affecting virus-injured organs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms by which viral infections may lead to autoimmunity.
  • To identify viral footprints in patients with autoimmune diseases.
  • To understand the role of genetic and other predisposing factors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on virus-induced autoimmunity.
  • Analysis of viral footprints (antiviral antibodies, viral sequences, alpha-interferons) in patients.

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  • Examination of proposed pathogenetic mechanisms in animal models and human studies.

    • Main Results:

    • Viral footprints are observed in autoimmune disease patients.
    • Mechanisms include viral modification of host proteins, immune cell activation, and lymphokine release.
    • Antiviral antibodies can contribute via molecular mimicry, anti-idiotypic antibodies, or immune complexes.

    Conclusions:

    • Viruses are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
    • Multiple mechanisms, not mutually exclusive, contribute to virus-induced autoimmunity.
    • Genetic predisposition likely plays a role in developing clinically manifest autoimmunity after viral infection.