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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice
07:17

Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice

Published on: June 22, 2016

T-cell function in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

John C Riches1, Alan G Ramsay, John G Gribben

  • 1Institute of Cancer, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom. j.c.riches@qmul.ac.uk

Seminars in Cancer Biology
|October 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) B-cells evade immune surveillance by suppressing T-cell responses through various mechanisms. Understanding these defects aids in developing targeted therapies to restore T-cell function and treat CLL.

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09:52

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Published on: December 4, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Cancer cells, including chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) B-cells, develop mechanisms to evade immune surveillance.
  • These malignant B-cells actively suppress anti-tumour immune responses mediated by T-cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the diverse immune evasion strategies employed by CLL B-cells.
  • To highlight the potential for developing targeted therapies by understanding these immune defects.
  • To discuss the immunomodulatory effects of recent CLL treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review and summarization of known immune evasion mechanisms in CLL.
  • Analysis of how CLL B-cells impair antigen presentation.
  • Examination of immune microenvironment suppression via contact-dependent pathways and cytokine alterations.

Main Results:

  • CLL B-cells utilize multiple strategies to suppress T-cell anti-tumour immunity.
  • Mechanisms include impaired antigen presentation, altered cytokine profiles, and immune microenvironment suppression.
  • Recent therapeutic advances show significant immunomodulatory effects, restoring T-cell function.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding CLL immune evasion is crucial for novel therapy development.
  • Targeted therapies can restore T-cell function in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
  • Therapeutic strategies are emerging that repair immune defects in CLL.